1. How does FDR help Americans in his second term?
The Second New Deal
How does FDR help Americans in his second term?

2. Second New Deal : Social Security Act (SSA), 1935 (reform)
1) Old-Age Insurance: 65 Years+: employee paid half & employer paid half of retirement plan.
2) Unemployment Insurance: employees could draw from this if out of work due to layoffs
3) Aid to Families w/Dependent Children and the Disabled (expanded welfare)
■ SSA is largest New Deal Program

3. Second New Deal: Unemployment Relief
Works Progress Administration (WPA), 1935
Replaces PWA, $11 billion to build 850 airports, 650K miles of roads, 125K public buildings
Also gave work to writers & artists w/ Federal Arts Project

4. Second New Deal: Relief for Youth
National Youth Administration (NYA), 1935
Provided education, jobs, counseling, and recreation to young people, found part-time jobs for drop-outs

5. Second New Deal: Expanding Utilities
Rural Electrification Administration (REA), 1935 (recovery)
Creates jobs by bringing electricity to rural and isolated areas
1935: 12.6% rural farms had electricity, by % had electricity

6. 1936 Election
First lady Eleanor Roosevelt travels the country, tells FDR country still needs more reforms (esp for women & minorities)
FDR wins in landslide, incl. 1st time majority of Af-Americans voted for a Democrat & unions back specific candidate

7. Second New Deal: Farming (recovery)
Since AAA was struck down by Supreme Court, new farming programs put into place:
Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, 1936: rewards farmers for good farming practices (no Dust Bowls)
2) Farm Security Administration (FSA), 1937: $1 billion in loans to sharecroppers & built camps for migrant workers

8. Second New Deal: Labor Reform
Since Supreme Court ruled NIRA unconstitutional, FDR & Congress create:
1)Wagner Act, 1936
Creates NLRB (Ntl. Labor Relations Board), allows collective bargaining hears testimony about unfair business practices
2)Fair Labor Standards Act, 1938
Reduced work week to 44 hours
Set Minimum wage – 25 cents/hr, 40 cents by 1945
New rules for labor under 18

9. End of the New Deal?
FDR upset Sup. Court struck down NIRA & AAA
- tries to increase # on Sup. Court, to “pack court” with his nominees, Congress says “NO” need separation of powers
By 1937, most Americans convinced Depression was over, so Congress asks FDR to scale back or end some programs,
- when he does production drops, unemployment rises

10. Impact of New Deal What was one of the most popular New Deal programs?
Who were FDR’s opponents?
What was one of the few successes during the1930s and why did Americans like it?
What happened in 1936 & 1937?
What event really ends unemployment?