1. Settlement Definitions
Rural
-an area that doesn’t include settlements of 1000 people or more.
Urban
- areas including cities and towns that have more than 1000 people.
Urbanization
-a process by which so many people move into rural areas close to existing cities that these areas become urban.
Rural-Urban fringe
- the zone where the city and surrounding countryside meet
Land use
- various ways people use the land
Urban Sprawl
-urban growth that occurs quickly and is sometimes out of control
Zoning by-law
- a law that controls where, how much, or what kind of development takes place

2. What was the difference between how the First Nations and Europeans used the land?

3. In the Beginning
Canada was mainly a rural country in the early stages of it’s development. The system of rural development used, varied depending on the region of Canada.
3 systems
Long lots
2. Townships
3. Quarter sections

4. Long -Lot System (p. 121)
This system was used in Quebec and began with the Seigneury system along the St. Lawrence River. The same system was then used along the many other rivers of Quebec and can even be seen in Eastern Ontario along the Ottawa River. The river was the major transportation route so it was advantageous to have water access. Long skinny rectangular sections of land provided all the farmers with water access.

6. Ontario Township System (p. 122)
Ontario’s system was developed by the British Government. It was a system in which the land was divided into a grid. Each piece of the grid was called a township and the pieces tended to be rectangular. A base line was drawn along a natural border (usually water). Concessions were then measured out and were divided by concession roads (generally east -west). These were then crossed at right angles by side roads. Each concession was then divided into lots that varied in size.

8. Quarter Sections
Out west, they didn’t have as many natural borders to develop a baseline. So they use a system similar to the Midwest USA where land was divided into parcels of 1 mile by 1 mile. These were then divided in 4 to create 4 sections. Hence the name quarter section to represent one of these. Roads tend to run at 1mile mile intervals to allow access to each part of the quarter section. Most of these are gravel roads. The lines run north-south and east-west.

11. Video of Canada’s Settlement Trends

12. Rural Urban Migration Why?
Canada started as a country filled with rural people. It has slowly change to become a country filled with Urban people.
Year
Rural % of Population
Urban % of Population
1871
2001 80 20
Why?

13. Immigration and Cities
Why do new immigrants to the country usually settle in large cities?
Language
Employment
Family
Culture
Other minorities

14. Factors that determined the location of cities. (p. 132)
- natural harbour
- important road intersection
- major highway
- natural resources
- river
- railway

15. Communities across Canada
- Hamlet: 7-8 buildings
- Village: 200 – 800 people
- Town: 800 – people
- City: or more people

16. What can you get or not get where you live?
Higher-order goods – a good available only in cities. (ex. BMW)
Low-order goods – a good sold everywhere. (ex. Bread)

17. Hierarchy of Urban Services
Check off whether each service is offered in a Small Town, Small City and/or Large City

18. Diversified Urban Center
For an urban center to develop, it needs to have diversity in the following areas. Otherwise, it will not grow and thrive. For example, places that have just one resource/industry cannot grow unless they diversify (develop new industries).
What are examples of manufacturing?
What are examples of transportation?
What are examples of resource use?
What are examples of service centres?

19. Multiplier Effect
This term helps to understand how communities can diversify. An increase (or decrease) in the number of non-basic jobs available in a city as a result of the growth (or decline) in the number of basic jobs. For example, in Cornwall, Domtar Papermill employed nearly a thousand employees. And these employee settled and raised their families in Cornwall, thus creating the need for numerous services (basic and non-basic) i.e. doctors, dentists, plumbers, shopping malls, etc. Therefore, Domtar created a massive ‘Multiplier Effect’ in Cornwall. It also had the same “reverse” effect when it shut down in 2006.

20. Land use
What is it?
Where is it?
Residential
Commercial
Industrial

21. Land use
What is it?
Where is it?
Residential
Houses, condos, apartments, etc…
Suburbs are on the fringes. Apartments/condos in city.
Commercial
Restaurants, stores, gas stations, etc…
easy access locations
Industrial
factories, equipment garages, warehouses, etc…
Access to transportation routes