1. Nutrients

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Nutrients are chemical elements found in food.
Used by the body to perform many different body functions
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Essential Nutrients
Carbohydrates – provide heat and energy; supply fiber for good digestion and elimination.
Lipids (fats) – needed for growth and development, provide heat and energy, carry fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) to body cells.
Proteins – build and repair body tissue, provide heat and energy, help antibodies
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4. Utilization of Nutrients
Vitamins – regulate body functions, build repair body tissue.
Minerals – regulate body functions, build and repair body tissue.
Tables 10-2 and 10-3 in text list some of the important vitamins and minerals.
Water – Carries nutrients and waste to and from body cells, regulates body function.
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Measuring food energy
Foods vary in the amount of energy they contain.
When the body metabolizes nutrients to produce energy, heat is released.
The amount of heat produced during metabolism is the way the energy content of food is measured.
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6. Measuring food energy (cont.)
This measurement is know as a kilocalorie or just a calorie.
Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins provide 100% of the energy the body uses.
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1 gm of carbohydrates produce 4 calories.
1 gm of proteins produce 4 calories.
1 gm of fats produce 9 calories.
Carbohydrates produce energy the fastest, and fats the slowest.
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An individuals caloric requirements is the number of calories needed in a 24 hour period.
Based on activity, age, sex, size, physical condition, and climate.
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Physical activity or exercise is the main factor in determining caloric requirement.
To gain wait: Decrease activity and increase calories.
To lose weight: Increase activity and decrease calories.
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A general guideline for weight loss or gain, is that 1lb (pound) equals approximately 3,500 calories.
By decreasing 500 calories per day, the person would loose 1lb per week.
1 – 2 lbs of weight loss is a healthy and efficient form of weight control.
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