1. 4 Migration Migration Changing migration patterns in Ireland
Migration policy in Ireland
Migration policy in the EU
Migration impact & issues

2. Chapter 4: Migration Migration Intra-national/international
Pushed from donor countries
Pulled to host/receiver countries
Barriers: cost, migration policies, fear
Emigrant: a person who leaves a country
Immigrant: a person who comes to live in a country

3. Changing migration patterns in Ireland
Chapter 4: Migration
Changing migration patterns in Ireland
After the Famine, 1845–9
The Irish Free State, 1922
Emigration, 1950s
Economic prosperity, late 1960s & ’70s
Recession, 1980s
Celtic Tiger era, 1997–2007
The current recession

4. Migration policy in Ireland
Chapter 4: Migration
Migration policy in Ireland
2007: stricter laws
Focus on skills in short supply
Green Card, Work permit, Intra-company transfer permit, Spousal & dependent permits
Migrant & Irish workers = same rights
5+ years permanent citizenship possible
Asylum seekers can apply for refugee status
Irish-born children of non-nationals & their parents not automatic citizen

5. Migration policy in the EU
Chapter 4: Migration
Migration policy in the EU
Migrants needed – labour shortages
1995 Schengen Agreement – free movement
EU common laws: share immigration between member states
‘Fortress Europe’, xenophobia, asylum fatigue
2000: 3% migrants; 63% in North

6. Migration impact & issues
Chapter 4: Migration
Migration impact & issues
Impact of migration on donor & receiver countries
Advantages for donor countries
Safety valve: reduces pressure on resources, Ireland (1980s)
Remittance: developing world countries
Disadvantages for donor countries
Brain drain
Slows economic development, education investment reduced, loss of tax & spending
Rural depopulation
Services close, farming practices stagnate

7. Migration impact & issues
Chapter 4: Migration
Migration impact & issues
Advantages of migration for receiver/host countries
Skills enrichment & labour shortages
Renewed inward investment
Labour shortages filled
2006: migrants in 50% food industry production jobs
Multi-racial society
Greater diversity, tolerance & understanding
Economic contribution
Contribute to the governmental budget

8. Migration impact & issues
Chapter 4: Migration
Migration impact & issues
Disadvantages for receiver/host countries
Language barrier
Discrimination & exploitation
Lack of integration
Ghettoisation, racism & discrimination, shanty towns
Pressure on resources
Housing, educational & medical services
Xenophobia, stereotypes