1. Optics 14.1 Light tends to travel in straight lines. 14.2
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NEW CHAPTER
Optics
the BIG idea
Images are produced by light in many ways.
14.1
Light tends to travel in straight lines.
14.2
Lenses form images by refracting light.
14.3
Optical tools use reflection and refraction.
14.4
The eye is a natural optical tool.
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2. 14.1 CALIFORNIA Content Standards
Light tends to travel in straight lines.
CALIFORNIA
Content Standards
7.6.c Students know light travels in straight lines if the medium it travels through does not change.
7.6.f Students know light can be reflected, refracted, transmitted, and absorbed by matter.
7.6.g Students know the angle of reflection of a light beam is equal to the angle of incidence.
optics
angle of incidence
angle of reflection
image
diverge
converge
focal point
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3. 14.1 Light tends to travel in straight lines.
• Light rays obey the law of reflection.
• Mirrors work by regular reflection.
optics
angle of incidence
• Curved mirrors can form images that are distorted in useful ways.
angle of reflection
image
normal
angle of incidence
angle of reflection
60°
diverge
converge
focal point
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VISUALIZATION
See reflection in action.
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SECTION
OUTLINE

4. Lenses form images by refracting light.
14.2
Lenses form images by refracting light.
CALIFORNIA
Content Standards
7.6.c Students know light travels in straight lines if the medium it travels through does not change.
7.6.d Students know how simple lenses are used in a magnifying glass, the eye, a camera, a telescope, and a microscope.
7.6.f Students know light can be reflected, refracted, transmitted, and absorbed by matter.
lens
focal length
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5. Lenses form images by refracting light.
14.2
Lenses form images by refracting light.
• Lenses have curved surfaces that refract parallel light waves in different amounts.
lens
focal length
focal point
focal length
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6. Lenses form images by refracting light.
14.2
Lenses form images by refracting light.
• Lenses have curved surfaces that refract parallel light waves in different amounts.
lens
• Convex lenses bend light inward toward a focal point.
focal length
principal axis
Convex Lens
focal point
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OUTLINE

7. Lenses form images by refracting light.
14.2
Lenses form images by refracting light.
• Lenses have curved surfaces that refract parallel light waves in different amounts.
lens
• Convex lenses bend light inward toward a focal point.
focal length
• Concave lenses spread light out.
principal axis
Convex Lens
focal point
Concave Lens
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• Lenses form a variety of useful images.
SECTION
OUTLINE

8. Lenses form images by refracting light.
14.2
Lenses form images by refracting light.
• Lenses have curved surfaces that refract parallel light waves in different amounts.
lens
• Convex lenses bend light inward toward a focal point.
focal length
• Concave lenses spread light out.
• Lenses form a variety of useful images.
SIMULATION
Work with convex and concave lenses to form images.
CHAPTER
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SECTION
OUTLINE

9. Optical tools use reflection and refraction.
14.3
Optical tools use reflection and refraction.
CALIFORNIA
Content Standards
7.6.d Students know how simple lenses are used in a magnifying glass, the eye, a camera, a telescope, and a microscope.
7.6.f Students know light can be reflected, refracted, transmitted, and absorbed by matter.
7.6.g Students know the angle of reflection of a light beam is equal to the angle of incidence.
aperture
fiber optics
CHAPTER
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OUTLINE

10. Optical tools use reflection and refraction.
14.3
Optical tools use reflection and refraction.
• Many optical tools are made by combining mirrors and lenses.
aperture
• Examples of optical tools include:
fiber optics
telescopes
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OUTLINE

11. Optical tools use reflection and refraction.
14.3
Optical tools use reflection and refraction.
• Many optical tools are made by combining mirrors and lenses.
aperture
• Examples of optical tools include:
fiber optics
telescopes
microscopes
CHAPTER
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SECTION
OUTLINE

12. Optical tools use reflection and refraction.
14.3
Optical tools use reflection and refraction.
• Many optical tools are made by combining mirrors and lenses.
aperture
• Examples of optical tools include:
fiber optics
telescopes
microscopes
cameras
CHAPTER
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SECTION
OUTLINE

13. The eye is a natural optical tool.
14.4
The eye is a natural optical tool.
CALIFORNIA
Content Standards
7.5.g Students know how to relate the structures of the eye and ear to their functions.
7.6.b Students know that for an object to be seen, light emitted by or scattered from it must be detected by the eye.
7.6.d Students know how simple lenses are used in a magnifying glass, the eye, a camera, a telescope, and a microscope.
cornea
pupil
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OUTLINE

14. The eye is a natural optical tool.
14.4
The eye is a natural optical tool.
• The eyes of humans and many animals use lenses to focus images on the retina.
cornea
• The retina detects images and sends information
about them to the brain.
pupil
The light passes through the pupil, which is formed by the iris. 2
Light from an object is refracted by the cornea. 1
The lens refracts the light more. 3
optic nerve
iris
An image is focused on the retina. 4
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OUTLINE

15. 14.1 Light tends to travel in straight lines.
I. Light tends to travel in straight lines.
optics
A. Optics is the science of light and vision.
angle of incidence
B. Mirrors reflect light in a predictable way.
angle of reflection
C. Shape determines how mirrors form images.
image
diverge
1. Flat Mirrors
converge
2. Curved Mirrors
focal point
3. Properties of Images
CHAPTER
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KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

16. Lenses form images by refracting light.
14.2
Lenses form images by refracting light.
II. Lenses form images by refracting light.
lens
A. A change of medium can refract light.
focal length
1. Refraction of Light
2. Refraction and Rainbows
B. Shape determines how lenses form images.
1. Parallel Rays and Focal Points
2. Convex Lenses and Real Images
3. Convex Lenses and Virtual Images
4. Concave Lenses
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5. Other Shapes
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

17. Optical tools use reflection and refraction.
14.3
Optical tools use reflection and refraction.
III. Optical tools use reflection and refraction.
aperture
A. Mirrors and lenses can be combined to make more effective optical tools.
fiber optics
1. Combining Two Optical Tools
2. Microscopes
3. Telescopes
B. Optical tools control light in different ways.
1. Cameras
2. Fiber Optics
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KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

18. The eye is a natural optical tool.
14.4
The eye is a natural optical tool.
IV. The eye is a natural optical tool.
cornea
A. The eye uses natural lenses to focus light.
pupil
B. Vision depends on the eye and the brain.
C. Corrective lenses can improve vision.
1. Corrective Lenses
2. Surgery and Contact Lenses
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KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

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