1. Assessing the effect of engineered nanomaterials on the environment and human health 
Sean M. Geary, PhD, Angie S. Morris, BA, Aliasger K. Salem, PhD 
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 
Volume 138, Issue 2, Pages (August 2016)
DOI: /j.jaci
Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Ring charts depicting the proportion of published articles reporting current or potential applications of indicated ENs in industry, commerce, or medicine. Data were generated by using the Thomson Reuters Web of Science citation indexing service and based on a search for articles in all databases using the indicated search terms (below). The initial search for each EN (below) was followed by refined searches using one of the following terms: antimicrobials, catalysis, ceramics, cosmetics, “drug delivery,” electronics, “environmental remediation,” “hydrogen storage,” “medical imaging,” sensors, surfactants, textiles, therapeutics, “water purification,” “solar cells,” “reinforced composites,” optics, “coatings and pigments,” antioxidants, magnetics, “quantum computing,” photonics, and “light emitting diodes.” Initial searches were Nano* AND silver for silver ENs; “carbon nanotub*” for carbon nanotubes; Nano* AND “copper oxide” for copper oxide ENs; Nano* AND “iron oxide” for iron oxide ENs; Nano* AND fullerenes for fullerenes; Nano* AND “titanium dioxide” OR titania for titanium dioxide ENs; Nano* AND “zinc oxide” for zinc oxide ENs; Nano* AND silica for silica ENs; Nano* AND “quantum dots” for quantum dots; and Nano* AND “aluminum oxide” for aluminum oxide ENs. The total number of applications shown for each EN is likely to be an overestimate because of the limitations of the search algorithm, which also includes articles in which search terms have appeared in the “KeyWords Plus” category only.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Schematic illustrating potential mechanisms by which indicated ENs induce toxicity or inflammatory potential in lung cells (A549). Proposed mechanisms by which CuO ENs (orange arrows), titanium dioxide (TiO2) ENs (blue arrows), or multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs; green arrows) mediate toxic or proinflammatory effects in the human adenocarcinoma cell line A549 (representative of alveolar basal epithelia) are shown. These proposed pathways were derived from published articles, all involving the A549 cell line retrieved from a search using the Thomson Reuters Web of Science citation indexing service (search details are the same as those outlined for Fig 3, A). iNOS, Inducible nitric oxide synthase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; ROS, reactive oxygen species.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Histograms highlighting the paucity of in vitro studies that assess the effect of ENs on lung cell health and inflammatory potential. A, Number of published articles ( ) documenting the potentially detrimental effects (in vitro) of copper oxide ENs, titanium dioxide ENs, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), or multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the human adenocarcinoma cell line A549 (representative of alveolar basal epithelia). B, Comparison of the number of published articles documenting the potentially detrimental effects of titanium dioxide ENs on the A549 cell line, the BEAS-2B cell line (a cell line representative of normal human bronchial epithelia), or both studied in parallel (indicated as both). The findings shown here for titanium dioxide ENs represent a general trend for ENs in which a greater number of articles have been published involving A549 compared with BEAS-2B cells. Data were generated by using the Thomson Reuters Web of Science citation indexing service and based on a search for articles in all databases using the following search terms: Nano* AND “copper oxide” or CuO for copper oxide ENs; Nano* AND “titanium dioxide” OR TiO2 for titanium dioxide ENs; “carbon nanotubes” NOT multi-walled for SWCNTs; and “carbon nanotubes” AND multi-walled OR multiwalled for MWCNTs (Fig 3, A). The search for each EN was then followed by a refined search with A549 cells, followed by another refined search for cytotox*, genotox*, inflamm* or “ROS.” After a search for titanium dioxide ENs (described above), a refined search was performed by using A549 or BEAS-2B or A549 followed by BEAS-2B (both) cells (Fig 3, B). Results from each search were modified further by scrutinizing each citation and eliminating any irrelevant publications, thereby increasing the accuracy of the resulting data.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions