1. Sponges, Cnidarians and Ctenophores
The Simplest of Animals

2. Sponges Aquatic animals that make up the phylum Porifera
Simple organisms, less specialized than other animals and have no tissues or organs
They are sessile and filter food particles out of the water

14. Collar Cells Cells which line the interior of the sponges body
They draw water into the body of the sponge by beating their flagella creating a current

18. Osculum
The opening at the top of a sponge through which water is pumped into the interior

19. <Osculum

26. Spongin
A simple skeleton made of a network of protein fibers

28. Spicules
Another type of skeleton of a sponge consisting of tiny, hard particles of calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide that are often shaped like spikes

32. Filter Feeders
Feed by screening food particles out of the water which is pumped through their bodies by the collar cells

34. Amebocytes
Cells that crawl throughout the body wall of a sponge bringing nutrients to the rest of the sponge body

36. Reproduction Can reproduce sexually or asexually
Sexual reproduction involves the combination of gametes from two individuals

37. Sexual Reproduction
Occurs when sperm are released by one sponge, enter the pores of another sponge fertilizing the eggs and form larvae

39. Larvae
The immature stage of an animal that is usually very different in form from the adult

43. Gemmules
Internal bud which is a food filled ball of amebocytes surrounded by a protective coat made of organic material and spicules

45. Regeneration The ability to regrow missing parts
A small piece of sponge can regenerate a whole sponge

64. Calcarea
The calcareous sponges of class Calcarea are members of the animal phylum Porifera, the cellular sponges. They are characterized by spicules made out of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite or aragonite.

65. Hexactinellid
Hexactinellid sponges are sponges with a skeleton made of four- and/or six-pointed siliceous spicules, often referred to as glass sponges.

66. Demosponge
The Demospongiae are the largest class in the phylum Porifera. Their "skeletons" are made of spicules consisting of fibers of the protein spongin, the mineral silica, or both.

67. Cnidarians Corals, jellyfish, sea anemones, and Portuguese man-of-war
The name Cnidarian comes from the stinging cells that all members of this phylum have
All are radially symmetrical and have armlike structures called tentacles

68. Portuguese
Man of War

69. Sea Anemone

70. Coral

71. Cnidarians Most are marine-live in the ocean
Two body types-medusa and polyp
Cells are organized into tissue layers
Oxygen and wastes diffuse directly through body cells

73. Polyp

74. Medusa

77. Reproduction Can reproduce sexually or asexually
Separate sexes-male and female
Fertilization occurs externally when sperm and egg unite
Asexual reproduction is by budding- when a small polyp breaks away and grows into an adult
Two life forms- polyp and medusa

79. Digestion Food is digested in the gastrovascular cavity
Waste is excreted though the same opening that food is taken in.
Watch Video

80. Nematocysts
A capsule that contains a coiled, threadlike tube which may be sticky or barbed and contain toxin.
Used for capturing prey and for defense.

81. Nerve Net
Have no true brain, nerves form a net which branches through the body
Nerves allow movement by conducting impulses which control contraction of cells