1. Definitions Diety – another word for God
Arab – someone who lives in the middle east
Constantinople – capital of the Byzantine Empire (a trading center)
Ghana – Ancient African kingdom, part of the gold-salt trade (north)
Mali – Ancient African Kingdom in southwest, home to Tibuktu (trade capital of Africa)
Songhai – Ancient African Kingdom in the east

2. Definitions Grand Canal – largest artificial river in ancient China
Chinggis (Genghis) Khan – greatest Mongol leader, united the Mongol tribes
Khan – “Great ruler”
Black death – “Bubonic plague,” it was a disease that spread throughout Europe and Asia killing millions
Pax Mongolica – period of time when the Mongols ruled the majority of Asia (Pax=peace)

3. Review Answers
Pray five times a day, facing mecca. Don’t eat or drink (fasting) during Ramadan. Believe in Allah as their God. Muhammed is their prophet
Hindus have a caste systems, different names for God, Hindus believe karma, reincarnation.
Both Gods decide who goes to heaven/hell. Both follow a human teacher. Both pray. Both have religious texts. Both monotheistic (one god).
Sunnis- followed the Umayids rule
Shi’a – preferred the rule of the Caliphates

4. Review Answers
Advances in medicine (diagnosed diseases), Math (Arabic numerals), Architecture (mosques), Arts and crafts (leather working).
Allowed goods to reach great distances. Both crossed deserts
Made advancements in math and literature
Turkish nomads. Empire was built to the east of Byzantine Empire.
Byzantine Empire

5. Review Answers
Controlled most of the trade routes between Mediterranean and India
West Africa
Slaves
They all were involved heavily in trade (benefited from the Gold-salt trade)
Gunpowder, crossbow, abacus, block printing, map making, medicine
Song was smaller

6. Review Answers
Women wrapped feet to make smaller (and prettier). Caused medical problems.
Trade and travel were safer under the Mongol rule
Medical advances, catapults, horseback fighting
Infected fleas riding on rats spread across Europe and Asia