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Propulsion Systems Aircraft, Rocket, Space © 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Aerospace Engineering.

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Presentation on theme: "Propulsion Systems Aircraft, Rocket, Space © 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Aerospace Engineering."— Presentation transcript:

1 Propulsion Systems Aircraft, Rocket, Space © 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Aerospace Engineering

2 Types of Propulsion Systems 1.Propeller –Reciprocating Engines 2.Turbines 3.Rocket –Liquid + Solid 4.Space

3 Engine Operations All engines must perform four basic operations. –Intake: Fuel and air must be brought into the engine –Compression: Fuel-air mixture must be compressed –Power: Fuel-air mixture must be ignited for the gases to provide engine power –Exhaust: Gases must be cleared for the next cycle

4 Engine Categories A.Reciprocating (contains pistons)Reciprocating 1.Gasoline-powered 2.Diesel-powered (not typical in aircraft) B.TurbineTurbine 1.Turbojet 2.Turbofan 3.Turboprop 4.Afterburning turbojet

5 Turbojet Simplest and earliest gas turbine Air flows continuously through engine 1.Intake 2.Compression 3.Power (combustion) 4.Exhaust Intake Compression Power Exhaust

6 Turbojet Example SR-71 Engine

7 Turbofan Modern military and commercial aircraft Combines best of high and low speed and altitude performance Two airstreams – Center core of air sent through process similar to basic turbojet –Some air passes around this center turbojet –Ratio of two streams is bypass ratio

8 Turbofan Boeing 767 Engine Boeing 777 Engine

9 Turboprop Turbine engine turns propeller Propellers develop thrust by moving large mass of air through small change in velocity Used in low speed transport aircraft and small commuter aircraft

10 Turboprop Example

11 Afterburning Turbojet Most military fighter jet engines (turbojet and turbofan) use afterburners Helps exceed drag close to sound barrier Nozzle extended and fuel injected in hot gases for extra thrust Inefficient burn uses a lot of fuel

12 Engine Placement Engine arrangements Under wing –Engine weight close to lift generation –Reduces wing structure Rear-fuselage Mixed under wing and rear fuselage

13 Produces thrust by ejecting stored matter Rockets can be classified by propulsion –Liquid –Solid Other classifications –Expendable or reusable –Number of stages –Size of payload –Manned or unmanned Rocket Propulsion

14 Liquid Fuel Rocket Fuel mixed with oxidizer and burned Gases escape out nozzle to generate thrust

15 Solid Fuel Rocket Fuel burned to generate gases Gases escape out nozzle to generate thrust

16 Model Rocket Engine Design

17 Space Propulsion Space is frictionless Small forces result in movement –Venting gas from spacecraft can cause spinning or undesired movement Spacecraft frequently adjust direction with small pulses Each pulse uses fuel

18 Many different types of Space Propulsion Cold Gas Solid Fuel Liquid Fuel Monopropellant Bipropellant Dual Mode Hybrid Electric Nuclear Solar Moment Exchange Tethers Electrodynamic Tethers Ion Drive Orion Future Types


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