1. Grab a laptop! Take out your Bubble Lab
APES 11/29
Grab a laptop!
Take out your Bubble Lab

2. Bubble Lab Recap- 5 minutes
Please compare graphs and analysis answers with your neighbors.
Turn it in once you get your questions answered.

3. Unit 3 Test- Ch. 5, 6, 18 Know these modules at an AP level:
14, 17, 18-21, 60
Just memorize definitions/big ideas for mod 8, 15, 16, 59, 61- these will be multiple choice only and less application-based.
Test is on Friday, 12/1!

4. How do populations respond to change?
Succession and
Disturbance
How do populations respond to change?
Modules 8 and 21

5. Disturbances
A disturbance is any event resulting in a change in community composition
Not all bad!
Ex: Shrubland areas that rely on forest fires for seed germination

6. Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis
A moderate level of disturbance helps biodiversity

7. Resistance vs. Resilience
Resistance: how much an ecosystem resists being changed by a disturbance.
Ex: oceans have high resistance; only now seeing acidification after 200+ years of industry
Ex: our lakes have high resistance to acid rain due to natural buffering capacity (limestone base)
Resilience: how quickly an ecosystem recovers from a disturbance.
Resistance occurs during the disturbance. Resilience occurs after.

9. Succession
Succession is the process of life taking over disrupted ecosystems
Primary succession occurs in barren areas with no soil (eruptions, glaciers)
Secondary succession occurs where soil is still intact (grazing, logging, etc.)

10. Primary Succession
With no soil, bare ecosystems are very hostile to life
Pioneer species are first to colonize
Pioneer species need little water, shade
Typically small weeds, lichens
R-selected and/or type III species

11. Who lives and who dies?
Competition for resources determines who takes over the new land
Species that reproduce fast and don’t need many resources survive best, become pioneer species
Over time, less weedy species arrive and outcompete the first colonizers

12. Later Succession
As soil appears, larger grasses, shrubs, and shade-intolerant trees appear
The species that appear depend on the climate

13. Results of Succession
Primary and secondary succession result in a climax community
Maintain species for a long period of time
Sustainable (in energy balance)
More organism symbioses than a changing community

16. May 18, 1980

17. Spirit Lake, before eruption

18. Spirit Lake, after and now

19. Windy Ridge Old Growth Forest, above Spirit Lake
(before eruption)

20. Windy Ridge Old Growth Forest, after eruption and now

21. Case Study: Wolves in Yellowstone
How did the removal of a keystone species impact the ecosystem?
How can concepts of population and ecosystem disturbance be applied to this case study?
Find this in Google classroom.
You will also need a textbook to share.
Please get as far as possible today- this will help you on your test. This is due Friday at midnight.