1. Basics in Astrobiology: Introduction   Muriel Gargaud Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux, France Theresa Lüftinger and Manuel Güdel, University of Vienna

2. Origins, evolution, distribution and future of life in the Universe
Astrobiology :
Origins, evolution, distribution and future of life in the Universe
More precisely it includes the study of :
The processes and conditions which have allowed
the emergence of life on Earth and have (?)
or could have allowed it elsewhere in the universe
The formation and evolution of organic matter in the Universe
The evolution and distribution of life, as we know it on Earth, and as it could be elsewhere….

3. Transdisciplinary approach needed
Geo- and Biochemistry
Chemistry
Biology
& evolution of
Origin
Life
From abiotic
to biotic
Interstellar
chemistry
Astronomy
Atmos-
pheric
chemistry
Biomolecule
precursor
origin
Chemical traces of
Early Life
Biomarkers:
Definition and Detection
Habitable
planets
Missions
Rover
Early Earth
Planetary Sciences
Geology
Space Technology
Philosophical approach to the definition of life
History of ideas on the origin and evolution of life
Ethical and societal questions regarding space missions

4. Some historical reminders…

5. The first steps of prebiotic chemistry and exobiology/astrobiology
Electrode
Condenser
Sample
H2O
Condensate rich in organic compounds
The experiment of Miller
First experience of prebiotic chemistry , 1953
1960’s: 1) Development of radioastronomy
- detection of complex molecules beginning of SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence)
2) NASA Apollo program: Moon exploration
- samples return
==> introduction of the word « exobiology » : science interested by extra terrestrial life

6. Astrobiology and missions to Mars, Titan and Comet Chury
: Mariner 9, first global map of Mars : Viking Orbiters Cartography of Mars surface + study of atmosphere + experiment of biological activity measurement ===> introduction of term « bioastronomy » (C51 UAI) : Mars Global Surveyor (complete cartography of surface) Mars Pathfinder (1st rover on Mars) ===> introduction of term « astrobiology » 2003…: Mars Express Mars Exploration Rovers(search for water in the past?) // : Rosetta/Philae Comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko 1997 // : Cassini-Huygens Saturn orbit + Titan atmosphere …: Mars Science Laboratory 2016 // 2020…: Exomars
Astrobiology and missions to Mars, Titan and Comet Chury
(See Jorge Vago lecture!)

7. Astrobiology
all around the world…

8. NASA Astrobiology Institute (1998)
EANA: European Astrobiology Network Association (1998)
(19 europeans countries most of them have their own national society)
Japan
ELSI: Earth Life Science Institute (2012)
J-ABC: Japan AstroBiology Center (2015)
Europe
- AbgradE: (2014…) – European Early Career Astrobiologist network
- COST Action Origins ( ): 30 europeans countries + US/Canada/South Africa/Australia
- European Astrobiology Campus ( )
- European Astrobiology Institute (to be launched in 2019)

9. Enjoy this Training School !