Goal 5.

Goal 5

Individual- single organism
Trophic Levels Habitat- area that is inhabited by a particular species Niche- role of organism in habitat Producer- make own food (autotrophs) Consumer – eat/ingest food (herbivore/carnivore/ omnivore)- (heterotrophs) Decomposer- break down materials

Question 1 One bird species that feeds on large seeds nests in the same tree as a bird that feeds on small seeds. How are the birds able to coexist? They occupy different ecosystems. They occupy different niches. They occupy different communities. They occupy different habitats.

Question 2 What is the function of bacteria in this food web?
Decomposers Producers primary consumers secondary consumers

Population- groups of individuals that belong to the same species
Population density- # organisms in area Exponential Logistic growth Human Population History- exponential after Industrial Revolution “J” curve, increase Increase to carrying capacity Population growth immigration emigration Limiting factors- Resources that limit growth Carrying capacity- max # environment can support Move in Move out Age structure diagrams birthrate death rate Born in Die out

Question 3 Which statement best describes the growth pattern of a population of organisms in nature? It is limited by environmental factors. It continues to grow indefinitely. It is genetically determined. It never changes.

Community- Biotic factors of ecosystem Competition Predation Symbiosis Trying to use same resources (-/-) One organism kill and eat other organism (+/x) Mutualism- both benefit (+/+) Commensalism- One benefit (+/0) Parasitism- One benefit, one harmed (+/-)

Question 4 Which interaction best illustrates the concept of mutualism? aphids feeding on rose leaves nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules of legumes infectious bacteria living on the blood of a host wolves and arctic foxes feeding on snowshoe rabbits

Biogeochemical cycles
Ecosystem- area including living and nonliving factors Biotic- living Abiotic- nonliving Biogeochemical cycles Carbon Cycle Photosynthesis- absorbs carbon from the atmosphere Respiration- releases carbon to the atmosphere Nitrogen Cycle Bacteria convert nitrogen Phosphorous Cycle Fertilizer runoff into bodies of water causes: algal blooms Succession- predictable change in area over time Pioneer species- able to survive in new area (bacteria, lichens, grasses) Climax community- species in mature ecosystem

Question 5 Which of the following is an example of ecological succession? spring followed by summer tadpole becoming a frog meadow replacing a pond predators eating prey

Question 6 If elements are to be recycled in nature, which organisms must be present? Decomposers Predators Herbivores parasites

Question 7 Which of the following is a sequence found in the nitrogen cycle? nitrogen in the soil→ air→plants→animals nitrogen in the soil→animals→plants→fungi nitrogen in the air→plants→animals→bacteria nitrogen in the air→ bacteria→plants→animals

Biosphere- areas life can exist on Earth
Biome- areas with similar climate and community ex) desert or rain forest Biosphere- areas life can exist on Earth Greenhouse effect- is the trapping of solar heat by I. Ozone layer – is depleted by C and increases the amount of E reaching earth which affects F and L. Global Warming is caused by I in the atmosphere and is increased by human activities. M development is when resources are used without depleting them Soil Erosion-wearing away of soil, caused by B. Acid rain- smog and other pollutants lower pH of rain water which affects G and F. Biodiversity is biological diversity and is threatened by human activities like B and H. J occurs when a species disappears but species are considered K when it’s population is declining. Biological Magnification occurs when toxins like mercury are found in higher levels at the higher trophic levels of a D. Introducing nonnative species (Invasive species) Deforestation CFS’s Food chain UV rays amphibian populations Plants Habitat fragmentation Gases (like carbon dioxide) Extinction Endangered species skin cancer rates sustainable

Question 8 Which statement describes why pesticides are said to “move up the food chain”? Pesticides have a greater effect on larger animals than on insects. Top predators often accumulate the pesticides contained in the bodies of their prey. Birds and predatory mammals are not affected by pesticides. Pesticides kill insects and other target pests before they can absorb the poison

Question 9 Which of the following global concerns is indirectly responsible for all of the others? waste disposal resource depletion Overpopulation poor sanitation

Question 10 When deforestation occurs in an area, what immediate effect does this have on the water cycle? More precipitation is formed. There is less runoff water. More water is returned to the atmosphere. Less water is returned to the atmosphere.

Identify a producer: phytoplankton
Identify a consumer: Leopard seal Write a food chain found in this web: phytoplankton  krill  fish  leopard seal What would happen to the penguin population if leopard seals were hunted to extinction? increase

Goal 5 1-28

Question 1 One bird species that feeds on large seeds nests in the same tree as a bird that feeds on small seeds. How are the birds able to coexist? They occupy different ecosystems They occupy different niches. They occupy different communities. They occupy different habitats.

Question 2 What is the function of bacteria in this food web?
Decomposers Producers primary consumers secondary consumers

Question 3 Which statement best describes the growth pattern of a population of organisms in nature? It is limited by environmental factors. It continues to grow indefinitely. It is genetically determined. It never changes.

Question 4 Which interaction best illustrates the concept of mutualism? aphids feeding on rose leaves nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules of legumes infectious bacteria living on the blood of a host wolves and arctic foxes feeding on snowshoe rabbits

Question 4 Which interaction best illustrates the concept of mutualism? aphids feeding on rose leaves (+/x) nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules of legumes (+/+) infectious bacteria living on the blood of a host (+/-) wolves and arctic foxes feeding on snowshoe rabbits (+/x)

Question 5 Which of the following is an example of ecological succession? spring followed by summer tadpole becoming a frog meadow replacing a pond predators eating prey

Question 6 If elements are to be recycled in nature, which organisms must be present? Decomposers Predators Herbivores parasites

Question 7 Which of the following is a sequence found in the nitrogen cycle? nitrogen in the soil→ air→plants→animals nitrogen in the soil→animals→plants→fungi nitrogen in the air→plants→animals→bacteria nitrogen in the air→ bacteria→plants→animals

Question 8 Which statement describes why pesticides are said to “move up the food chain”? Pesticides have a greater effect on larger animals than on insects. Top predators often accumulate the pesticides contained in the bodies of their prey. Birds and predatory mammals are not affected by pesticides. Pesticides kill insects and other target pests before they can absorb the poison

Question 8 Which statement describes why pesticides are said to “move up the food chain”? Pesticides have a greater effect on larger animals than on insects. Top predators often accumulate the pesticides contained in the bodies of their prey. BIOLOGICAL MAGNIFICATION Birds and predatory mammals are not affected by pesticides. Pesticides kill insects and other target pests before they can absorb the poison

Question 9 Which of the following global concerns is indirectly responsible for all of the others? waste disposal resource depletion Overpopulation poor sanitation

Question 12 Which of the following explains why producers are always found at the beginning of a food chain? Consumers are eaten by a variety of producers. Producers convert light energy into chemical energy. Producers are larger than consumers. Producers are found in fewer numbers than consumers.

Question 13 Producers are single and multicellular organisms, such as algae and flowering plants, that make their own food. How do these organisms produce their own food? They fix nitrogen from the atmosphere. They consume other producers. They exchange RNA with other organisms. They convert sunlight into chemical energy.

Question 13 Producers are single and multicellular organisms, such as algae and flowering plants, that make their own food. How do these organisms produce their own food? They fix nitrogen from the atmosphere. They consume other producers. They exchange RNA with other organisms. They convert sunlight into chemical energy. photosynthesis

Question 14 In general, which trophic level has the most energy available to it? Producer primary consumer secondary consumer tertiary consumer

Question 15 If these organisms were arranged in a food pyramid, which organism would have the least amount of total energy available? Coyote Insect Lizard shrub

Question 16 Which population would increase most if the insects were eliminated? Decomposers Producers primary consumers secondary consumers

Question 17 Which of the following populations begins the flow of energy through the food web? Coyotes Insects Lizards shrubs

Question 17 Which of the following populations begins the flow of energy through the food web? Coyotes Insects Lizards Shrubs PRODUCER

Question 18 A community in which barn owls and snakes consume only mice is being observed. If the number of snakes increases, which of the following is most likely to happen first? The barn owl population will increase. The mouse population will decrease. The barn owl population will decrease. The mouse population will remain the same.

Question 19 Deer share the open plains with other grazing animals and predators. Which of the following would lead to a decrease in the deer population? a reduction in the predator population an increase in the number of other grazing animals a reduction in the grazing animal population an increase in restrictions on the hunting of deer

Question 19 Deer share the open plains with other grazing animals and predators. Which of the following would lead to a decrease in the deer population? a reduction in the predator population an increase in the number of other grazing animals (more competition= -/-) a reduction in the grazing animal population an increase in restrictions on the hunting of deer

Question 20 The correct order of stages in the primary succession of a dry land environment is illustrated by which of the following? bare soil, shrubs, hardwoods, pines shrubs, mosses, pines, grasses rock, grasses, hardwoods, shrubs rock, lichen, mosses, grasses

Question 21 In the carbon cycle, carbon is transferred from animals to plants by which of the following? carbon dioxide Oxygen Sugars water

Question 22 By what process is CO2 removed from the atmosphere?
Combustion Decomposition Respiration photosynthesis

Question 23 Which of the following statements about the nitrogen cycle is true? Although nitrogen is the most abundant atmospheric gas, plants cannot use it from the air. Adding man-made fertilizers to farm fields will take needed nitrogen from the cycle. The occurrence of lightning takes extra nitrogen molecules from the atmosphere and the cycle. Bacteria located in the soil trap excess atmospheric oxygen and help it enter plant roots.

Question 24 An increase in pesticide use has resulted in a decrease in the local bat population. Which of the following is the best explanation for the decreased bat population? Bat food supply decreased. Infection destroyed most of the bat population. Many bats moved into the area. Bat food supply increased.

Question 25 The concentration of chemical food contaminants is higher in birds of prey than in many of the individual organisms that they eat. Which of the following statements best explains the reason for the higher concentration of food contaminants in birds of prey? Birds of prey store more of the food they eat. Birds of prey catch animals with chemical contaminants more easily. Only birds of prey store chemical contaminants. Chemical contaminants are stored and magnified in organisms higher up the food chain.

Question 25 The concentration of chemical food contaminants is higher in birds of prey than in many of the individual organisms that they eat. Which of the following statements best explains the reason for the higher concentration of food contaminants in birds of prey? Birds of prey store more of the food they eat. Birds of prey catch animals with chemical contaminants more easily. Only birds of prey store chemical contaminants. Chemical contaminants are stored and magnified in organisms higher up the food chain. biological magnification

Question 26 What is the main suspected environmental problem associated with the burning of fossil fuels? depletion of fresh water depletion of ozone global cooling global warming

Question 28 Harvested almost to extinction, a sea mammal received “endangered species” protection several years ago. Which graph most accurately represents its history and the desired outcome from protection?

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