1. Translation, Translocation of Viral Membrane Glycoproteins
Outline of Lecture
Description of Steps in the Process
How to Search the Primary Literature
Protein Dynamics
Membrane Traffic
Fusion and Fission Machinery

4. Translation, Translocation of Viral Membrane Glycoproteins
Basic Steps in Viral Glycoprotein Synthesis
Signal sequence targeting to ER, complete translocation
Folding, reduction and glycosylation of protein
Concentration at exit sites
Movement to Golgi
Processing in Golgi
Sorting and transport to appropriate target
Assembly and budding of final virion

8. Protein and Membrane Dynamics
Protein Concentrations and Membranous Organelle Sizes
Because proteins and membranes turn over very rapidly (1-10 hours for some proteins and for membrane organelles), their content in the cell is determined by similar equations (at steady state, the rate of gain equals the rate of loss)

9. Protein Levels at Steady State
At steady state d[Protein]/dt = 0
then (rs – rd)dt/No = dV/V
where rs = translation rate (1 – error frequency)
rd = degradation rate, No = number of molecules/cell
and V is the cell volume
rd = [Protein] kd
where kd is the first order degradation rate constant

24. How to Approach References
We will start now to look at original papers in this area and that will mean searching the literature through PubMed either directly ( or indirectly through EndNote (Ref. Program for Word).
Presley, J.F., N.B. Cole, T.A. Schroer, K. Hirschberg, K.J. Zaal, and J. Lippincott-Schwartz ER-to-Golgi transport visualized in living cells. Nature. 389: