1. Acids
Lesson 3
Acid and Base
Reactions

2. Conductivity
The conductivity of an acid is determined by the number of ions generated in a solution and is therefore a combination of both the strength and concentration of the acid.
1.0 M HCl is a better conductor than 0.10 M HCl
1.0 M HI is a better conductor than 1.0 M HF.
1.0 M HF has the same conductivity as 0.02 M HCl.

3. Amphiprotic Chemical Species
Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base.
Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic
PO43-

4. Amphiprotic Chemical Species
Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base.
Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic
PO43- Base can gain H+, cannot lose H+
HPO42-

5. Amphiprotic Chemical Species
Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base.
Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic
PO43- Base can gain H+, cannot lose H+
HPO42- Amphiprotic can gain H+and lose H+
H2PO4-

6. Amphiprotic Chemical Species
Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base.
Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic
PO43- Base can gain H+, cannot lose H+
HPO42- Amphiprotic can gain H+and lose H+
H2PO4- Amphiprotic can gain H+and lose H+
H3PO4

7. Amphiprotic Chemical Species
Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base.
Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic
PO43- Base can gain H+, cannot lose H+
HPO42- Amphiprotic can gain H+and lose H+
H2PO4- Amphiprotic can gain H+and lose H+
H3PO4 Acid cannot gain H+, can lose H+

8. Amphiprotic Chemical Species
Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base.
Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic
CO32-

9. Amphiprotic Chemical Species
Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base.
Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic
CO Base
HCO3-

10. Amphiprotic Chemical Species
Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base.
Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic
CO Base
HCO3- Amphiprotic
H2CO3

11. Amphiprotic Chemical Species
Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base.
Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic
CO Base
HCO3- Amphiprotic
H2CO3 Acid

12. In Chemistry 11
H2SO KOH 

13. In Chemistry 11
H2SO KOH  K2SO HOH(l)

14. In Chemistry 11
H2SO KOH  K2SO HOH(l)
2H SO42-

15. In Chemistry 11
H2SO KOH  K2SO HOH(l)
2H SO K OH- 

16. In Chemistry 11
H2SO KOH  K2SO HOH(l)
2H SO K OH-  2K SO42- +

17. In Chemistry 11
H2SO KOH  K2SO HOH(l)
2H SO K OH-  2K SO HOH(l)

18. In Chemistry 11
H2SO KOH  K2SO HOH(l)
2H SO K OH-  2K SO HOH(l)
H OH-  HOH(l)
Use an arrow if you have a strong acid or a strong base!
Strong acids, strong bases, and soluble salts are ionized!

19. In Chemistry 12
H2C2O KOH

20. In Chemistry 12
H2C2O KOH 

21. In Chemistry 12
H2C2O KOH  K2C2O HOH(l)

22. In Chemistry 12
H2C2O KOH  K2C2O HOH(l)
H2C2O K OH-  2K C2O HOH(l)

23. In Chemistry 12
H2C2O KOH  K2C2O HOH(l)
H2C2O K OH-  2K C2O HOH(l)
H2C2O OH  C2O HOH(l)
The weak acid or base does not dissociate!
Break up strong acids, strong bases, and soluble salts!

24. Conductivity
Good Conductors Strong Acids Strong Bases Soluble Salts
HCl NaOH KCl
Weak Conductors Weak Acids Weak Bases Low Solubility Salts
HF Zn(OH)2 AgCl
Nonconductors Molecular covalent
C12H22O11

25. In Chemistry 12
HC2O HCO3- H+ H+ ⇋
C2O H2CO3
Base Acid
Acid Base
Weak acids and weak bases react but do not go to completion (⇋)
The higher one on the acid side of the chart will be the acid and donate a proton.
Label all acids and bases- note H2C2O4 donates in the reverse reaction
The acid on the left HC2O4- is stronger than H2CO3 so the opposite side or the products are favoured.

26. Opposite side Favoured
Stronger acid
Products ⇋
Reactants
There are more products at equilibrium

27. Complete the reaction
HSO HSO3- H+ H+
SO H2SO3 ⇋
Acid Base
Base Acid
Reactants are Favoured because H2SO3 is a stronger acid than HSO4-
The stronger acid H2SO3 more successfully donates its proton making more reactants. ⇋