1. EAS 590 University at Buffalo April 4, 2007 Ed Starosielec
Case Studies in Engineering Management for Transportation Safety and Security R & D Projects
EAS 590
University at Buffalo
April 4, 2007
Ed Starosielec

2. Complexity of the Solution Drives the Need for a Multidisciplined Approach to Technology Choices and Project Management
Passive Systems---Early R & D
Safety---a Growing Problem
Matrix of Opportunities
Vehicle---Highway Cooperative Programs
The Complexity of E---Safety
Adjacent Markets

3. ITS and Safety – – A LITTLE HISTORY 1948 1954 1966 1981
“Thin Man” 2D dummy used to evaluate occupant kinematics.
1954
Retrofit kit for installation of seat belts in automobiles.
1966
Beam barrier guard rail development.
1981
Advanced development and evaluation of air bag systems.

4. Motor Vehicle Deaths and Fatality Rate per Total Miles Traveled
( ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Number of Fatalities
Fatality Rate per 100M Vehicle Miles Traveled
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000
Motor Vehicle Fatalities
Fatality Rate

5. Where Are The Opportunities?
ITS and Safety
Where Are The Opportunities?
Haddon Matrix
Vehicles & Equipment
Human
Environment
Brakes, Tires
ICA, ACC,ESC
Speed Limits,
Red Light Cameras,
RWIS
Pre-crash
Crash
Post-crash
Alcohol Use
Seat Belt Use
Speed, Air Bags
Guard Rails
Age, Physical
Condition
Fuel Tank Integrity,
AACN
EMS, IIMS, Mayday, NG 9-1-1

6. Intelligent Transportation Systems
The integration of sensors, communications, and computing technologies to reduce congestion and improve the safety of surface vehicles on our nation’s highways, railroads, and ports of entry.

7. Factors to be Considered When Choosing a Solution
Time to Market
User Acceptance
Ease of Use (Judgment and Skill)
Reliability and Ease of Maintenance

8. Additional Factors (Customer Perspective) to Consider
Compliance to rules, regulations, and terms and conditions
Technical Assessment
Cost/Schedule/Performance
Feasibility/Risk
Cost and Cost Sharing

9. Additional Factors (Company/Developer) to Consider
ROI ( Return on Investment)
Sources of R & D Dollars
IP Rights and Licensing
Patent Opportunities and Infringement Issues
Terms and Conditions of Contracts and Suppliers
Internal Company Processes ( ISO, reporting and reviews, etc)

10. ITS and Safety Autonomous Vehicle Safety
Intelligent Cruse Control
Rollover Stability Control
Rear Impact Collision Warning
Event Data Recorders (for Causal Factor Analysis)
Driver Performance / Distraction
Emphasis of Intelligent Vehicles is Pre- and Post-Crash
Are dual-stage and side curtain airbags examples of ITS technology?

11. Vehicle Only Solution Space and Characteristics
Self-contained
Designed to Assist and Improve Driver Performance
Warnings and Alerts versus Automatic Vehicle Control
Right Technology Choices for Sensing and Display
Liabilities Lessen If the Driver Stays in the Loop

12. ITS and Safety Vehicle-Highway Cooperative Measures Lane Departure
Intersection Collision Avoidance
Vehicle Infrastructure Integration

13. Characteristics Associated with Cooperative Measures
Somewhat More Complex
Requires Integration with Infrastructures and Vehicles
Sensing and Communication ( Inside/outside the vehicle)
Sufficient Market Penetration to Warrant the Investment
Level and Extent of Testing Increases

14. ITS and Safety
E-Safety – Integration of Public Safety, Incident Management and Emergency Medical for Real Time System Response
AACN / Mayday
CAD -TMC Integration
Integrated Incident Management
CVISN / CVO Fleet Management Systems
Focus on Post Crash Environment
Represents the Highest Level of Integration to Achieve Safety Goals (also achieve other missions – security)

15. E-Safety Environment Drives Network Solutions
Interoperability
System Level Decisions
Conformance to a Variety of Standards
Integration of New Systems with Legacy Systems
Many Players Requires Consensus Building

16. ITS and Safety Pre-hospital Care & Transport
Blue Cross / Blue Shield of Alabama
BREMSS Trauma Control Center (TCC)
OnStar by General Motors
Intelligent Information Integration Broker (I3B)
and Web
Server
BREMSS LifeTrac System
OnStar Emergency Communications Center
Emergency Personal Information (EPI) Database
Crash data
Patient data
Crash data
Voice Notification)
Crash data
Transport Coord-ination
Patient & Crash data
Browser
First Responder Dispatch (by voice)
Patient data
Hospital status data
Crash data
9-1-1 Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP)
Pre-hospital Care
& Transport
Hospital

17. Automated Collision Notification and Mayday Issues
Vehicle (Post Crash ) and Infrastructure Integration
Privacy
Who owns the Data?
Medical/EMS Community
New and Emerging Technology on Several Fronts
Move From Government Funding to Commercial Environment

18. IIMS Communications Framework
ITS and Safety
IIMS Communications Framework
Traffic Mgmt. Center
Public Works
Police Responder
IIMS Wide
Area Network
Police
DOT Responder
Fire/EMS
Other
Centers
Emergency
Response
Other Centers
Other Centers
Police Responder

19. Integrated Incident Management System Development
High Level of Integration, but mostly Infrastructure
Legal
Many Players and new tools and rules
Interoperability
Training and Acceptance by Responders in the Field

20. Multi-mission Requirements Drive Higher Levels of Integration
ITS and Safety
Multi-mission Requirements Drive Higher Levels of Integration
EMS &
Public Health
Security
Federal, State & Locals
Emergency response to incident other than crash
Intersection based on safety, mechanisms of injury and mitigation
Intersection includes commercial trucking, borders, and corridors ₪
DHS
DOJ
HHS ₪
DOT

21. Push/Pull of Adjacent Markets and Issues Associated
New Interfaces
New Users
Information Sharing
Unknowns ( Domain and Missions)
Corporate Strategy and Overall Fit
ROI and Opportunity to Leverage the Investment

22. Summary and Final Thoughts On Transportation Safety
Open Mind
Multidisciplinary Approach is Required with Complexity
Understand the Organization (s)
Compliance to standards
Emerging Technology may not be the Right Technology
Active Systems Require Higher Levels of Integration