Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships"— Presentation transcript:

1 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
Remember cellular levels of organization? Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism Environments have levels of organization too: Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome

2 Experimentation- direct study of organisms
Observations Remember: QuaLitative and QuaNtitative Data Short-term or Long-term studies (Darwin!!!) Visual Surveys: direct (scope) or indirect (footprints) Experimentation- direct study of organisms Lab: more control, less complex results Field: more accurate results (not always cause/effect) Modeling Computer/math-based Uses lots of data to make predictions Quick lab/estimations

3 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Biotic- living Abiotic- “a”=not, nonliving Match the following environmental factors as biotic or abiotic: Rock Oxygen Salinity Sponge Fern Mulch Shark Squirrel Lilly Sunflower Sand Panther Water Mangrove Tree Apple

4 Biodiversity Keystone Species Variety of life in an ecosystem
Why do we care? __________________________ Keystone Species Keystone holds up an arch Species has great effect on/in ecosystem (Multimedia activity)WebQuest: Keystone species Use the information you’ve learned to predict what would happen if sea otters went extinct. keystone

5 13.3 Energy in Ecosystems Producers = Autotrophs (make own food)
Remember photosynthesis?? Also chemosynthesis: use chemical instead of sun Consumers = Heterotrophs (must eat something else) Herbivores- eats plants (herba = vegetation) Omnivores- eats plants and animals (omna = all) Carnivores- eats animals (carnus = flesh) Detritivores- eats dead organic matter Decomposers-break down organic matter

6 (Animation/simulations: visual concepts- 13.3)
2 facts from each visual you watch

7 13.4 Food Chains and Food Webs
Hey don’t write this first note you already did Consumers = Heterotrophs (must eat something else) Herbivores- eats plants (herba = vegetation) Omnivores- eats plants and animals (omna = all) Carnivores- eats animals (carnus = flesh) Detritivores- eats dead organic matter Decomposers-break down organic matter Food chains show energy flow Food webs show complex feeding relationships Specialist- specific food type (1 or few organisms) Generalists- eat variety of foods in diet

8 Online: Animation- Build a food web (sketch web)
Trophic Levels Primary: autotrophs/producers Secondary: herbivores Tertiary: omnivores and carnivores Online: Animation- Build a food web (sketch web)

9 13.5 Cycling of Matter Attach bunches of those little pictures 
Next to each picture we are going to write how elements enter/exit the system Hydrologic Cycle Enter: evaporation (bodies of water), transpiration Exit: condensation/precipitation, used plants/animals Biogeochemical Cycle How elements are cycled through biotic and abiotic parts of environment

10 Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle: Nitrogen Cycle: Phosphorous Cycle:
Enter: autotrophs from photo-/chemo-synthesis Exit: used by humans or in soil as nutrients Carbon Cycle: Enter: CO2 (atm), HCO3 (in water), fossil fuels/in ground, oil, natural gas, rocks, dead organic matter Exit: burning fossil fuels, plants, evaporation Nitrogen Cycle: Enter: bacteria, atmosphere, decomposing plants Exit: animals, plants Phosphorous Cycle: Enter: geologic movements, decomposition Exit: leaching, weathering, sedimentation

11 13.6 Pyramid Models Energy pyramid- E used by producers/consumers
energy transferred energy lost Energy pyramid- E used by producers/consumers Biomass- total dry mass of all organisms in area Each tier loses 90% of E = ONLY 10% of E is transferred from each trophic level!!!

12 Biomass pyramid Pyramid of Numbers Dry mass of tropic levels
Mass of comsumers needed to support levels above them Pyramid of Numbers Numbers of individuals Vast #’s of producers are needed to support even just a few tertiary consumers Animations: Visual concepts 13.6 (2) tertiary consumers secondary primary producers 75 g/m2 150g/m2 675g/m2 2000g/m2 tertiary consumers secondary primary producers 5 5000 500,000 5,000,000


Download ppt "13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships"

Similar presentations


Ads by Google