1. Inward And Outward Movements
IB SL

2. Which Way? There are 2 different types of movements...
Centripetal Movements: Movement of people towards a centre (both push/pull factors).
Centrifugal Movements: Movement of people away from a centre (both push/pull factors).

3. Centripetal Rural To Urban Migration. Gentrification.
Re-Urbanisation/Urban Renewal.

4. Rural To Urban Migration
The movement of people away from the countryside to towns and cities.
This is important for LEDC’s and NIC’s because people believe that they will be better off in the urban areas.
This movement occurs due to peoples perceptions and ideas of push and pull factors.

5. Gentrification
This is the reinvestment of capital into inner-city areas.
This is meant to improve residential areas, brownfield sites, contaminated land, derelict or underused industrial buildings, and anywhere with a potential for redevelopment.
House prices rise resulting in local people not being able to afford the increased prices.
These people tend to move out and younger people take their place.

6. Re-Urbanisation/Urban Renewal
Revitalising urban areas.
An attempt to move people back to these areas.

7. Centrifugal
Suburbanisation.
Counter-Urbanisation.
Urban Sprawl.

8. Suburbanisation The outward expansion of towns and cities.
This is largely due to the creation and improvement of transport systems.
Trains, Trams, Buses, More roads etc have allowed the expansion of towns and cities.

9. Counter-Urbanisation
Reasons why people leave large urban areas and move to towns and villages in the countryside.
High land prices.
Congestion.
Pollution.
Crime.
Lack of community.
Declining services.

10. Urban Sprawl The uncontrolled growth of urban areas at their edges.
The growth of population overcomes the rate at which urban development occurs thus resulting in housing problems in some places.
If there are green belts then urban areas are limited to growth.

11. Activity 1
Using AS Level Geography P , look at the re-urbanisation of London and create a factfile on the following…
Location.
Original characteristics.
Changes.
Consequences.

12. Activity 2 Using A2 Geography P270-271, answer the following…
What are the causes and consequences of suburbanisation?
Discuss why the growth of the out-of-town shopping centres may prove beneficial rather than detrimental to the CBD.
In what ways has Newcastle redeveloped its central areas and how have these changes benefitted the city?