1. How to Study for Exams
Space your review out over several days, don’t try to do it all at once.
Focus on Understanding not Memorization
Step 1: Identify the information to be tested.
complete review guide,
read over notes provided by teacher
review Quizlet if available
Step 2: Identify what you don’t know (this is what you should spend the most time with)
Write down questions you have about this material
Seek out the answers to these questions
Step 3: Learning is active, do something with the material you need to master (don’t just re-read)
Write your own review questions, then answer them
Chunk the material and write summaries
Make flash cards
Draw a picture of the information
Create graphic notes (venn diagrams, flow charts, web maps, timelines)
Rank the information (by importance, based on your comfort, least interesting to most)
Step 4: Learning is social, Review with a friend or parent
Quiz each other on the material
Take turns reading your summaries
Explain your notes to them, teach the material
Compare your answers to the review guide- identify difference and look up the information to see who is right.

2. Chapter 16: Life in the West
Westward bound settlers had to cross mountains, deserts, and wide open spaces in their quest for new opportunities.
Each group moving west in the 1800s had its own motives, faced unique hardships, and created a lasting legacy
Legacy- a person’s or group’s impact on future generations
Lewis and Clark-
sent west by Jefferson to explore the Louisiana territory wanted to 1. make friendly contact with the natives 2. find the Northwest passage (didn’t exist)
Took 2 years and 4 months, faced dangerous environment
Paved way for future settlements in the west

3. Californios Mountain Men
Mexican/Spanish missionaries in California, goal was to convert Native Americans to Christianity
Work on ranchos very difficult- everything made by hand
Shaped California naming cities and introducing crops like olives, grapes and citrus fruits
Mountain Men
Moved west to profit from the fur trade
Survived dangerous environment with bear attacks, disease and Native American attacks
Trails become routes for future wagon trains, trading posts became supply stations, journals inspired others to move west

4. Missionaries Pioneer Women
Moved west to teach Christianity to the Natives
Faced difficult journey west, harder to convert Native Americans then anticipated
Paved the way for future settlement
Pioneer Women
Moved west looking for homesteads, husbands, other opportunities
Disease, accidents, and Indian attacks
African American women who escaped from slave states faced bounty hunters
Built churches, schools, libraries, and charitable groups. Western states paved the way for women's’ suffrage.

5. Mormons Forty-Niners Moved west for religious freedom
Difficult journey, had to adapt to very dry environment
Made the Salt Lake Valley home to 11 million members, developed new farming methods for living in desert.
Forty-Niners
Rushed to California looking for gold ( )
Dealt with inflated prices and infighting in mining towns
Over 250,000 moved to Calf in a short time made California the first western state to enter the Union

6. Chinese Moved to California from China for the gold rush
Faced prejudice: in the mines they were forced to pay extra taxes/license feed, they were harassed and beaten.
Created “Chinatown” in San Francisco where they opened restaurants and Laundromats.