1. 10.3 Ground water supply

2. Groundwater
Fresh water that soaks into the ground and is stored in pore spaces. 
Zone of saturation: areas of rock where pores are filled with water
Zone of aeration: area of rock in which water passes through, pores are filled with air.
There is more fresh water in the ground then there is in all the Earth's reservoirs, lakes, and rivers combined!

4. What happens to Groundwater?
It is frequently pumped for drinking water and crop irrigation
can flow underground to oceans
can supply water to streams, ponds, rivers, or wetlands at the surface of the earth
is absorbed by the roots of plants
may stay trapped underground for hundreds of thousands of years (aquifers)

5. Aquifer: A body of rock or sediment were large amount of water can flow and be stored

6. Water Table: Line that separates zone of saturation from zone of aeration.

7. Artesian systems
If the recharge area is above the confined aquifer then water will flow naturally above the ground wherever the aquifer intersects the ground:
Artesian well: opening drilled to allow flow
Artesian spring: natural flow from aquifer

9. Mining groundwater Wells: drilled opening into aquifer. Problems:
Over pumping or drawdown: removes water faster then it can recharge (may dry up neighboring wells)
Subsidence: sinking of ground do to extreme groundwater removal.

12. Human Impact Drinking water/ Irrigation Sewage removal
Storm water removal

13. Water Pollution
Runoff can travel quite a distance before reaching a destination. Along the way, surface runoff can erode soil and other pollutants, depositing them in other locations and drastically affecting the quality of life for the organisms living there. 

14. Water Pollution
1. Point source pollution is pollution that arises from a specific location. An example of point source pollution is a discharge pipe from a factory.  The input of pollutants is from a known, visible, single point - the discharge pipe!
2. Non-point source pollution is pollution that occurs when water flows over or through the land, picks up pollutants, and deposits them in surface or ground waters:
sediments and nutrients from agricultural land and construction sites that get eroded, pesticides, pathogens (bacteria and viruses), salts, oil, grease, toxic chemicals, and heavy metals. 
Land practices often prepare fields and their topsoil to be washed away as non-point source pollution. Click here to learn more.

18. Human impact
Combined Sewer system
Benefits?
Problems?
Separate System

19. Human impact Dry weather run-off Impervious surface Examples?
Surface which does not allow water to infilitrate ground

20. Agricultural runoff
Pesticides
Herbicides
Fertilizers
Algal blooms

26. The end