1. Optical microscopy Magnification We want to see more details
MENA3100,
OBK
Optical microscopy
Magnification
Resolution
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Simple microscope

2. The simple microscope
Antony van Leeuwenhoek
(1632−1723)

3. The compound microscope
ca Hans Janssen
Robert Hook
(1635−1703)
Micrographia, 1664

5. Stereo microscope

6. Compound microscope
for transmitted light

7. Inverted compound microscope
for reflected light

9. Refraction
Kromatisk abberation

10. Spherical abberation

11. Corrections
The objective

12. NA = nsina Resolution R = 0,61l/NA Numerical aperture (NA)
Rayleigh criterion
(Raleigh in Brandon and Kaplan)

13. The limiting factor: Diffraction
NA = nsina
Oil immersion

15. Condenser system Eyepice Ocular (okular)
More is needed than just the objective
Condenser system
Eyepice
Ocular (okular)

18. Optical anisotropy
Calcite

19. Amorphous and cubic: Optically isotropic, one refracive index
Hexagonal, trigonal, tetragonal: Optically anisotropic, two refractive indices
Lower symmetry: Optically anisotropic, three refractive indices

20. Optically active crystals in the microscope

21. Optically active crystals in the microscope

22. Michel-Levy chart

24. Remember that geologists often call their book on microscopy on thin sections for
optical crystallography, and microscopy with reflected light is ore microscopy (malmmikroskopi).
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