1. The Rise of Dictators
Post World War I Europe

2. Two Terms Totalitarian Dictator
Ruling a country and its people with complete control
Tyrant: Tyrannous, Latin term associated with Rex (king)
A person who rules a country with absolute control in a cruel and brutal way

3. Germany Devastated by the _______ ___ _________ Huge ________ _______
Experienced political ___________

4. Treaty of Versailles June 28, 1919 Provisions III. League of Nations
Germany loses territory
Forced to disarm
Forced to pay reparations
Forced to accept responsibility for war
III. League of Nations
1. Germany not allowed to join until ______

5. Economic Depression Inflation Unemployment Prices ______
Destroyed the ______ _______
Unemployment
: _________
: _________

6. Political Upheaval 1918: Kaiser removed New Government 1932 Election
Replaced by the ________ ______
New Government
I. Many unwilling to accept new gov., especially in ________
1932 Election
Too many parties (28)
#9: National Socialist German Worker’s Party

7. Rise of the Nazi Party
I. Started in Bavaria in _______ II. Did not respect the Weimar Republic
Beliefs: 1. Intense Nationalism 2. Social Darwinism 3. anti-Liberalism 4. anti-rationalism 5. anti-Marxism 6. anti-Semitism

8. National Socialist German Party
_______
Hitler takes over party
II. Had thousands of followers by ______
III. Hitler runs for President in 1932, comes in _______

9. Beer Hall Putsch Nov. 8-9, 1923: Munich
Hitler’s first attempt to overthrow the government
Tried to kidnap leader of Bavaria, Gustav von Kahr
Approx Nazis exchange fire with state police
Fails
Hitler sent to prison, writes Mein Kempf

10. Chancellor Named by ________ by Pres. Paul von Hindenburg in 1932
Enabling Act: Gave his decrees power they did not have before
1934: _________ dies, Hitler declares himself _________

11. Geheime Staatspolizei
The Gestapo

12. Origin Nazi party’s secret police
Under direct control of _________________
_________ and ________ anyone who was a “threat” to Nazism
The law
Had own courts
Judge, Jury, Executioner
Outside normal judicial system

13. Purpose Hunt out enemies of the state Jews Communists
Jehovah Witnesses
Anyone who challenged the Nazis

14. Tactics/Methods Fear “Protective Custody” Spies Everywhere at once
People’s Court
Guaranteed death sentence
Spies
1. Used nationals to spy on each other in occupied countries

15. Youth in the Reich

16. Hitler Youth Nazi Youth League Growth 1. 1922-1945 1923: 1,000+
1925: 5,000+
1932: 107,956
1933: 2,300,000

17. Requirements Boys 14-18 years old
18 year olds join Nazi Party and Storm Troopers

19. Late 1930s Tried to ____ ____ 10 and older members
Mandatory education in Nazi philosophy (___________)
1939: _______ youth organization in world (7.3 million)

20. 1943-45 __________ into military service
1943:12 SS-Panzer Division of Hitlerjugend
: ______ soldiers, __ tank surrender to Amer. 7th Army

21. Swing Kids
Swing Jugend

22. Counter Culture Youth anti-Nazi movement 14-18 year olds
1. Would rather dance than join Hitler Youth
Berlin and Hamburg

23. Offensive? Jazz music offensive to Nazi philosophy
Copied British and American youth in dress and style
Rented halls and clubs to dance in

24. Italy Came out of World War I in _____ _______
Looked to re-build the ______ empire
Became a colonial power in ________ and _______

25. Benito Mussolini Political
_____: Est. Paramilitary Fascist movement
Saw himself as modern ______
1921: ______________
1926: _______
II. Military 1. _______ in WWI 2. Used ______ to gain political power : Allied with _________

26. What was a similar vision that both Hitler and Mussolini had for their countries?

27. Italian Colonialism Europe Africa 1 Spanish Civil War (__________)
2. Albania (_____)
Africa
Libya (_______)
Somalia (_______)
Ethiopia (________)

28. Russia Bolshevik Revolution = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
_________
_______

29. Bolshevik Revolution Nov. 1917 Occupy gov. buildings in ________
Install new gov.
World’s first Marxist state
Vladimir Lenin at head
Later rename country Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

30. Stalin Ruled ________ Domestic Terror Society Revolution
1. Took power after Lenin died
Domestic Terror
_________ died
Executed ________
Sent others to ______ ______
Society Revolution
1. Changed from farming/peasants to _______ ______