1. Stages of Development
Personality

3. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
Stage 1: Sensorimotor (birth – 2 years)
Senses
Direct experience = knowledge of the world
Stage 2: Pre-operational (2-6 years)
Experience through communication
Only self-perspective
Non-logical thinking

4. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
Stage 3: Concrete Operational (7-11 years)
Complex operations/thinking
Logic
Cause and effect
Stage 4: Formal Operational (12 years – adulthood)
Think abstractly
Use logic using evidence
Imagine alternatives to reality

5. Psychoanalysis - Freud
Stage
Description
Oral (birth - 18 months)
- oral pleasures: sucking, chewing, biting
Anal (18 months – 3 years)
- Control of anus (toilet training)
Phallic (3 – 6 years)
- Oedipus Complex (boys desire their mothers and compete with fathers)
Latency (6 years – puberty)
- Plays with same-gender friends, sexuality repressed
Genital (puberty onward)
- Sexual urges towards opposite sex

7. Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
Infant
Basic Trust vs. Basic Distrust
Toddler
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Preschooler/Early Childhood
Initiative vs. Guilt
School Age
Industry vs. Inferiority
Adolescence
Identity vs. Role confusion
Young Adulthood
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Adulthood
Generatively vs. Stagnation
Old Age
Ego integrity vs. Despair

9. What was the result of placing the baby in a new environment?
Harlow Experiment
Which urge is stronger?
Urge to need affection?
Physical needs?
What was the result of placing the baby in a new environment?

10. Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
Infant
Basic Trust vs. Basic Distrust
Toddler
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Preschooler/Early Childhood
Initiative vs. Guilt
School Age
Industry vs. Inferiority
Adolescence
Identity vs. Role confusion
Young Adulthood
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Adulthood
Generatively vs. Stagnation
Old Age
Ego integrity vs. Despair

11. Boomerang Children: Is it the result of an Adolescent Identity Crisis
Erikson’s Theory
If you fail to succeed at an earlier stage, you are setting yourself up frustration and despair for the rest of your life
Boomerang Children: Is it the result of an Adolescent Identity Crisis

12. Sources
Sproule, Wayne. Our Social World: An Introduction to Anthropology, Psychology and Sociology. Toronto: Prentice Hall, 2001.
Weiten, Wayne and Doug McCann. Psychology: Themes and Variations. Toronto: Thomas Canada Limited, 2007.
Haskings-Winner, Jan. Social Science: An Introduction. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd, 2011.