1. Dept. of Computer & Information Sciences (Course Introduction)
Princes Nora Bint Abdul Rahman University
Dept. of Computer & Information Sciences
CS 321
Computer Organization & Assembly Language
Lecture 1
(Course Introduction)

2. Course Introduction Instructor: Sarah AL-Hammad
Location: Room no ( 2nd floor)
Credit Hours: 3
Course web site:
Course Introduction

3. Course Introduction Text Book Part I:
Microprocessor Theory and Applications with 68000/68020 and Pentium by M.RAFIQUZZAMAN,WILEY,2008
Text Book Part II:
IBM PC Assembly Language and Programming, by Peter Abel,2001
Course Introduction

4. Proportion of Final Assessment
Course Assessment
Assessment
Assessment Task
Week Due
Proportion of Final Assessment 1
Quiz 1
Week 5
5 % 2
Major exam
Week 10
20% 3
Project
Week 15 5% 4
Lab exercise
Every Week 5
Programming Homework
Every 2 Weeks
10 % 6
Quiz 2
Week 12 7
Final Lab
End of Semester
10% 8
Final exam
40%
Note: NO MAKEUP EXAM/QUIZ WILL BE TAKEN
ZERO WILL BE GIVEN TO STUDENTS WHO COPY ASSIGNMENTS
Course Introduction

5. Lecture Outline Part I: Computer Organization
Part II: Assembly Language
Reading: Class Notes
Course Introduction

6. Part I: Computer Organization
Main hardware components and their relation to the software.
What the computer does when it executes an instruction.
Course Introduction - Part I: Computer Organization

7. Part I: Topics to be covered
Introduction to computer organization
  Processors
Memory Organization
          Memory hierarchies
  Input/output
          Buses
          DMA
          Interrupts
          Reading and writing operations
Course Introduction - Part I: Computer Organization

8. What is a Computer? HOW? = Machine that can solve problems
YOU tell it what to do~~ IN A PROGRAM!!!

9. What is a Program? A collection of instructions.
The instructions are a series of 1’s and zero’s that control the internal circuitry of the processor.
The instructions are written in a language called: Machine Language

10. Machine language
Difficult and tedious for people to use because of simplicity
A large gap between what is convenient for People and what for computers
People want to do X but computers limitation is only to Y

11. General Architecture
General Architecture allows multiple programs to run
Large, complex components to interact
Too tedious to write all this in machine code!!!
Processor
Control unit
Datapath
ALU
Registers IR PC
Controller
Memory
I/O
Control
/Status

12. Part II: Assembly Language
Computer languages
Machine Language Assembly Language High-Level Language
Collection of binary Symbolic form of machine Combines algebraic
numbers language (I.e. symbolic expressions & symbols taken
names are used to represent from English language
operations, registers & (ex. Pascal, COBOL
memory locations FORTRAN, …etc)
Ex. Ex. Ex.
MOV AX,A A = A + 4
ADD AX,4
MOV A,AX
Course Introduction - Part II: Assembly Language

13. Computer languages (Continue)
Machine Language Assembly Language High-Level Language
Directly understood by a Assembler Compiler (or interpreter)
computer converts to machine converts to machine
language language
1 assembly language 1 HLL instruction = many
instruction = 1 machine machine language
language instruction instructions
Not standard (I.e. different Not standard (I.e. different Standard (I.e. programs are
machine language for assembly language for independent of the machine
every type of machine every type of machine) on which they will be
executed)
Course Introduction - Part II: Assembly Language

14. Advantages of Assembly Language
Performance:
A well-written Assembly language program produces a faster,
shorter machine language program.
For Some applications speed and size is critical
Access to hardware:
Some operations, such as reading or writing to specific memory locations & I/O ports can be done easily in Assembly but may be impossible by a higher level language.
Studying ASM language gain a feeling of the way the computer
thinks and the way things happen inside the computer.
Course Introduction - Part II: Assembly Language