1. Taxonomy and Classification
Dr. D. Mitchell
Biology

2. Taxonomy
Taxonomy – the branch of biology concerned with the classifications of organisms.
Organisms are classified in a hierarchy of larger and more inclusive categories.

3. Carolus Linneaus developed binomial nomenclature the scientific naming system
Classified organisms based on physical and structural similarities.
is a two-word naming system.
two words are the genus and species descriptor
This scientific name uses Latin words

4. Allows scientists to talk about particular species without confusion.
Scientific Names
Allows scientists to talk about particular species without confusion.
Allows scientists around the world to communicate clearly about living things.

5. Homo = genus, sapiens =species
Scientific Names
Criteria:
Always written underlined or in italics
First letter of the genus is always capitalized.
The species descriptor is never written without the full or abbreviated genus name preceding it.
Unique to each organism.
Example: Homo sapiens
Homo = genus, sapiens =species

6. Basic taxon in the Linnaean system is the species.
a group of organisms defined by the classification scheme.
Example: class, species
Basic taxon in the Linnaean system is the species.

7. Levels of Classification
KingdomMost Inclusive
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
SpeciesLeast Inclusive
King Phillip Came Over For Great Spaghetti
Kings Play Cards On Fat Green Stools

8. Each level is included in the level above it.
Levels get increasingly specific from kingdom to species.

9. limitations of The Linnaean classification system
Created before technology the study of organisms at the molecular level.
Focuses only on perceived physical similarities or differences.
Does not account for genetic similarities due to evolutionary change.

10. Classification schemes
1753
Two Kingdoms
Plantae and Animalia
1866
Ernst Haeckel proposed Three Kingdoms
Plantae, Animalia, and Protista
1938
Herbert Copeland proposed Four Kingdoms
Plantae, Animalia, Protista, and Fungi

11. 1959 1977 Robert Whittaker proposed Five Kingdoms
Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Fungi, and Monera
1977
Carl Woese proposed Six Kingdoms
Split Monera into two Kingdoms
Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Fungi, Eubacteria, and Archaebacteria.