1. 40 years of ACCU CERN in the 1980s
Herwig Schopper, 6 March 2018, ACCU meeting

2. Pleasure to be with you today was user at PS and ISR for many years from1964 Slept in barracks at entrance ACCU worked quietly and efficiently for 40 years in good relation with CERN Management Was an important link of general communication between CERN and the outside world

3. CERN - Users Relations went through various phases
During whole history of CERN users always felt
‘CERN was their lab’ and ACCU contributed to this feeling
An essential change of CERN operation
was necessary for LEP approval
Which had strong consequences also for Users and ACCU

4. ECFA took care of interests of CERN visitors
First Phase
Small fixed target experiments (SC, PS)
Total number of users a few hundreds, CERN staff research physicists about 90, still true approximately
Visiting scientists at CERN dealt with by Administration
No ACCU yet
ECFA took care of interests of CERN visitors
3 Working Groups with 4 Sub-Committees set up in May 1973
Concrete problems:
- users taking part in decision-taking
- working conditions at CERN
- Comparison of salaries CERN- national institutions L
Limits of CERN seemed far away (DG B.Gregory)
Bernard Gregory

5. Second phase
Unique facilities ISR, SPS fixed target, SPS p-antiproton with UA 1, UA 2
But proposal for SPS on new site, not realized
CERN split into CERN 1 and CERN 2 for almost 10 years two DGs (Jentschke + Adams, van Hove + Adams)
CERN attracted many more users
Number of Users increased dramatically
The Advisory Committee of CERN Users (ACCU) was established in 1978
ACCU for both labs
John Adams, Willibald Jentschke
Leon van Hove

6. Members nominated ad personam by CERN:
ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF CERN USERS (ACCU)
first meeting, held on February 21, 1978
40. anniversary missed by a few days
Members nominated ad personam by CERN:
2 from large Memberstates
1 from small memberstates
CERN Management ex officio
0 from Non-Memberstates (Poland, Israel)
First public document mentioning ACCU
Problems to consider:
Short term housing (barracks, Building 5, St.Genis Hostel)
Use of computers
Medical insurence

7. ACCU avoided publicity, worked discretly and efficiently
No ‘official’ fotos
Only photos from meeting in 1981
At 6th Floor

8. Third phase 1983 ~ to present
LEP followed by LHC construction and operation
LEP approval required dramatic changes in CERN organisation and programmes
Effecting strongly the users’ community
Many changes still effective today
Unification of CERN 1 and CERN 2, 1 DG
Only one Basic Programme (all Member states have to participate)
To find resources for LEP inside CERN stop many programs, e.g. ISR, BEBC
more than 50 % of staff had to change groups
CERN budget ‘constant’

9. CERN budget ‘constant’ since 1981, still true today
Ripples due to Spain, Portugal
CERN budget ‘constant’ since 1981, still true today
Inflation correction for material budget, not for personnel cost
Problem: for a large project the peak of cash flow has to be covered by loans (LEP, LHC, HL-LHC)
Advantage: CERN budget relatively safe, no cuts like some national budgets

10. Rapid increase of users from Member States and Non- Member States
More Users from USA at CERN
than European Users at US laboratories
Rapid increase of users from Member States and Non- Member States
First step to ‘World Laboratory’

11. Changes for experiments and Users
ALEPH J.Steinberger
Changes for experiments and Users
L 3 S.Ting
Experiments not financed anymore by CERN,
Formation of large international collaborations Interesting long learning process of world wide collaboration
4 LEP experiments -> a social experiment many groups, funding agencies
financially independent of CERN, Resource Review Committees
elect spokesperson
2 guided by strong personalities,
two organised democratically
All 4 worked!!
But the democratically organised became model for LHC collaborations
DELPHI U.Amaldi
OPAL A.Michelini R.Heuer

12. Kendrew Committee 1985
UK asked for reduction of 25 % of CERN budget in steps until 1990
or leave CERN
UK contribution was 16 %
asked to slow down progress in HEP
John Kendrew, Nobel Molecular Biology, Director EMBL
M.Thatcher at CERN 1982 positive attitude
But Problem with contribution:
Part of national programm
‘What after LEP?’
Problem ‘solved’ by Abragam Committee

13. CERN Review Committee Main focus on staff and users conditions
set up by Council February 1986 to review management of CERN (not science programme) high level members, scientists and industrialists
Did not know each other, nor CERN
Anatol Abragam Chair (F)
J.Vodoz, Vice Chair (CH).
B.F.F.Fender (UK)
C.De Benedetti (I)
M. Boyer (E)
W.Paul (G)
H.Sandvold (N)
Main focus on staff and users conditions
De Benedetti (Olivetti): CERN is sclerotic (staff turn over only a few %)
New fashion at that time: outsourcing to reduce personnel cost
Story Spanish Finance Minister
Final report December 1987

14. First recommendation to Council:
Reduce staff by early departure programme
Compensate losses to pension scheme
No new recrutements during several years
Council decision:
-Start early retirement programme, no compensation to pension fund
- A small number of recrutements about 50 per year allowed for rejuvenation
Long term result: Present staff about 2500
With more than users
Great achievement!

15. Second recommendation of Abragam Committee Topic: ‘CERN at the service of its scientific users’
1. Creation of new Advisory Committee of CERN Users Terms Of Reference: Report to Council? Suspend decisions of management? Advisory to DG
“ACCU should ..deal with a better integration of the users in CERN. …..However, the user committee can only be useful if there is a steady flow of information from and to the home institutes. Appropriate channels for this communication have to be created in each country.”
2.Creation of The Users' Office: welcomes CERN's Users, identifies their needs and is responsible for users’ contracts for Member States and Non-Member States. About 12 staff, enormous work, for more users, Grey Book of experimnets
3. Recommendation to create CERN subsidiaries under Swiss and French law for low grade staff was refused by management, outsourcing instead

16. New tasks for ACCU Membership of new ACCU First Members of new ACCU
Delegates from all Member States representing their Users community
Delegates proposed by Member States 2 members from large states, 1 member from small states
Users from non-Member States (ad personam)
2 members representing all Non-MS Users initially, since September increased to 4 members for Non-MS Users
Finally representatives of regions: Eastern Europe, Middle East & North Africa, Asia – Pacific, Americas
2 CERN Members,
Management ex officio
New tasks for ACCU
Not only large increase of users
From outside Europe with different traditions, style of life, administrative habits,
New role of Non-Memberstates (Associate Members,…)
Human relations, not just administration

17. In total 32 meetings of old ACCU + 119 of New ACCU = 151 meetings
First meeting 5 December 1988 my last meeting as DG
Second meeting 30 January 1989 with C.Rubbia
In total 32 meetings of old ACCU of New ACCU = 151 meetings
Enormous work has been done quietly
Helped to make users ‘feel at home’
Excellent cooperation with Management (even helping)
E. Lillestøl, Chair of old and new ACCU
G. Bossen, Secretary
Old topics:
Housing
Computing
Insurance
Restaurants
Parking
New topics,new challenges:
Access to CERN and safety
Transport (shuttle LEP sites, airport, bicycles)
Office Space
Children Crèche
Equal rights of Gender

18. ACCU will become even more important in the future
CERN has bright future guaranteed for > 20 years
(LHC- HL, antiprotons, ISOLDE;…)
Not only further increase of users,
But again qualitative changes will appear, linked to changes in society
CERN becoming a real world laboratory
more Member States, changing relations to (associate) Members
More political and legal issues
ACCU will become even more important in the future
To preserve the harmonious relations users - CERN

19. For all achievements of ACCU
Best wishes
For next 40 years!
For all achievements of ACCU