1. Surgical Suffixes, Hematology, and Diagnostic Imaging
Unit 2
Surgical Suffixes, Hematology, and Diagnostic Imaging

2. Surgical Terminology Surgery Important medical treatment tool
Procedures include:
Incision
Excision
Repair
Replacement

3. Surgical Terminology Surgery Procedures include: Destruction Ablation
Cauterization
Introduction
Dilation

4. Surgical Suffixes Origin Greek tomos = cut Examples:
-tome = instrument used to cut slices
-tomy = cut into, incise, or incision
-ectomy = cut out, remove, excise, or excision
-ostomy = cut a new surgical opening

5. Building Words with Surgical Suffixes
Examples:
derma/tome = instrument to cut slices of skin
gastr/o/tomy = incision into stomach
duoden/ectomy = removal of duodenum
col/ostomy = creating opening in colon

6. Building Words with Surgical Suffixes
One word root with various procedures
Examples:
gastr/ectomy = removal of all or part of stomach
gastr/o/tomy = incision into stomach
gastr/ostomy = surgical opening in stomach

7. Building Words with Surgical Suffixes
One word root with various procedures
Examples:
col/ectomy = removal of all or part of colon
col/o/tomy = incision into colon
col/ostomy = surgical opening in colon

8. Building Words with Surgical Suffixes
Two word roots with various procedures
Examples:
gastr/o/duoden/ectomy = removal of all or part of stomach and duodenum
gastr/o/duoden/o/tomy = incision into stomach and duodenum
gastr/o/duoden/ostomy = surgical openings in stomach and duodenum

9. Building Words with Surgical Suffixes

10. Diagnostic Imaging
Method of creating visual representations of body structures or functions
Imaging suffixes include:
-gram = picture or record
-graph = instrument to record image of data
-graphy = process of recording image of data

11. Building Words with Imaging Suffixes
Examples:
electr/o/cardi/o/gram = record of electrical impulses given off by heart
electr/o/cardi/o/graph = instrument for recording electrical impulses given off by heart
electr/o/cardi/o/graphy = process of recording electrical impulses given off by heart

12. Tomography tom/o = combining form for cut
-graphy = process of recording image of data
tom/o/graphy = radiographic procedure using x-rays to produce images of slices or planes of the body

13. Tomography Procedures
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Computed tomography (CT) scan
Also known as CAT scan
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

14. MRI

15. CAT Scan

16. PET Scan

17. Imaging Combining Forms
son/o = sound
Examples:
son/o/gram = picture made with ultrasound waves
son/o/graphy = process of making images with ultrasound waves
son/o/grapher = person who performs ultrasonography

18. Imaging Combining Forms
ech/o = sound made by reflected sound waves
Examples:
ech/o/cardi/o/gram = record of sound waves reflected through heart
ech/o/cardi/o/graphy = process of making echocardiogram
ech/o/cardi/o/grapher = person who takes image

19. Imaging Combining Forms
radi/o = radiation or x-rays
Examples:
radi/o/graph = picture made using x-rays
radi/o/gram = picture made using x-rays
radi/o/grapher = person who takes x-rays
radi/o/logist = physician specialist who interprets x-rays

20. jaundice = reflection of bright yellow in blood
Word Parts for Colors
leuk/o
white
melan/o
black (dark)
erythr/o
red
cyan/o
blue
chlor/o
green
xanth/o
yellow
jaundice = reflection of bright yellow in blood

21. Building Words With Color
Examples:
leuk/o/derma = unusually white skin
Also known as vitiligo
melan/o/derma = abnormally dark pigmented skin
erythr/o/derma = red skin
cyan/o/derma = blue skin
xanth/o/derma = yellow skin

22. Structures of the Skin

23. Building Words With Color
Examples:
melan/o/cyte = black cell
melan/o/blast = black embryonic cell
acr/o/cyan/osis = condition of blueness of extremities
erythr/o/dermat/itis = reddened, inflamed skin condition

24. Hematology hemat/o = blood Examples: hemat/o/logy = study of blood
hemat/o/logist = one who studies blood
hemat/o/pathy = disease of blood

25. Blood Conditions -emia = blood condition Examples:
an/emia = lack of blood
xanth/emia = excess carotene in blood
Yellow
erythr/emia = abnormally red blood
chlor/emia = increased chlorine in blood
Green

26. Cells Smallest structural units of all living things
cyt/o = combining form for cell
-cyte = suffix for cell

27. Cells Examples: cyt/o/logy = study of cells
cyt/o/logist = one who studies cells
cyt/o/meter = instrument used to count cells
cyt/o/metry = process of counting cells
cyt/o/techn/o/logist = technician who prepares slides

28. White Blood Cells (WBCs)
leuk/o/cyte = WBC
Examples:
leuk/o/cyt/o/penia = decrease in or lack of WBCs
leuk/emia = condition of WBCs
Blood cancer
leuk/o/cyt/osis = increase in WBCs

29. Red Blood Cells (RBCs) erythr/o/cyte = RBC Examples:
erythr/o/cyt/o/penia = decrease in or lack of RBCs
erythr/o/blast = immature RBC
erythr/o/cyt/osis = high numbers of erythrocytes
erythr/emia = abnormally red blood due to too many erythrocytes

30. Blood-Clotting Cells thromb/o/cyte = blood-clotting cell Examples:
Also known as platelet
Examples:
thromb/o/cyt/osis = increase in number of thrombocytes
thromb/o/cyt/o/penia = abnormal decrease in number of thrombocytes

31. Lymphatic System Series of lymph vessels, nodes, and organs Purpose:
Circulate tissue fluids, absorb fats from intestine, and fight infections
lymph/o = combining form

32. Lymphatic System Examples:
lymph/o/cyte = type of WBC produced by lymphatic system
lymph/edema = fluid accumulation and swelling caused by blockages in lymphatic vessels
acute lymph/o/cy/tic leukemia = disease involving lymphocytes

33. Tissues hist/o = tissue Examples: hist/o/blast = immature tissue
hist/o/logy = study of tissues
hist/o/logist = one who studies tissues
hist/o/cyte = tissue cell

34. Small Intestine Duodenum duoden/o = combining form Examples:
First part of small intestine beyond stomach
duoden/o = combining form
Examples:
duoden/al = pertaining to duodenum
duoden/itis = inflammation of duodenum
duoden/ostomy = surgical opening in duodenum

35. Heart cardi/o and card/o = combining forms Examples:
cardi/o/logist = physician specialist in diagnosing and treating heart conditions
card/itis = inflammation of heart
electr/o/cardi/o/gram = record of electrical activity of heart

36. Enlarged megal/o = combining form for enlarged
-megaly = suffix for enlarged
Examples:
cardi/o/megaly = enlarged heart sometimes caused by reduced supply of oxygen
megal/o/cardia = enlargement or overdevelopment of heart

37. Enlarged Examples: megal/o/gastria = enlarged stomach
gastr/o/megaly = enlarged stomach
megal/o/mania = mental disorder characterized by delusions of grandeur
mania = madness

38. Disease -pathy = suffix meaning disease
path/o = combining form for disease
Examples:
path/o/logy = study of disease
path/o/logist = one who studies disease
eti/o/logy = study of origin of disease

39. Pain -algia = suffix for pain Examples: cardi/algia = heart pain
gastr/algia = stomach pain

40. Synonyms
Some terms can be used with combining forms or suffixes to express same meaning
megal/o = enlarged
-megaly = enlarged
Examples:
megal/o/gastria = enlarged stomach
gastr/o/megaly = enlarged stomach

41. Forming Medical Terms Word root + suffix Examples: dermat/itis
cyan/osis
duoden/al

42. Forming Medical Terms Any number of word roots + suffix Examples:
gastr/o/duoden/ostomy
gastr/o/duoden/ectomy

43. Forming Medical Terms

44. Forming Medical Terms Combining form + suffix Examples:
acr/o/cyan/osis
leuk/o/cyte

45. Forming Medical Terms
Any number of combining forms + word root + suffix
Examples:
leuk/o/cyt/o/penia
electr/o/cardi/o/graphy