1. Industrial Revolution

2. Begins with Agricultural Revolution
Simple tools
Three field system
Small families
Mostly rural

3. Domestic System

5. As the English gentry rose to political dominance after 1685, they used their strength in parliament to push through Enclosure Acts, shutting the peasantry out from access to common lands.

6. Enclosed Lands

7. Scientific Agriculture

8. Charles Townshend 1730
Crop
Rotation

9. Robert Bakewell
late 18th Century
Scientific Breeding

10. Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill 1701

11. George Washington Carver
Late 19th century
A Few Other Uses of Peanut Products
Hulls, or pods, can be used as fuel or in kitty litter.
Kernels not used in foods, can be crushed to obtain peanut oil.
Peanut oil can be used in soaps.
Peanuts have been used as an effective and attractive landscape ground-cover.
Peanuts skins have been used to make beverages.

12. Other Scientific Applications

13. Effects of Agricultural Revolution
Production increased
Large farms dominate
Fewer farmers
Less laborious
Big Business

14. Industrial Revolution
Roots in the Renaissance and Commercial Revolution

15. Why England?
Population
Markets
Natural Resources
Government

16. Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure
Early Canals
Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure

17. Textiles

18. John Kay Flying Shuttle 1733

19. James Hargreaves Spinning Jenny-1764

20. Richard Arkwright Water Frame 1769

21. Samuel Crompton Spinning Mule 1779

22. Edmund Cartwright Power Loom 1785

23. Eli Whitney 1793
Cotton Gin

24. Whitney’s Interchangeable Parts

25. Industrial England
Early 19th Century
English entrepreneurs established their factories at the beginning of the nineteenth century, not in the traditional population centers such as London, but out of town, close to water power and coal fields and with easy access to markets.

26. Factory System Water power not enough Division of Labor
Standardization
Assembly Line
Workers

27. Working Day is now ruled by the clock
Schedules were similar to those in the prisons
Early workers came from poorhouses and orphanages

28. Steam Age
Newcomen’s Steam Engine
1705
Watt’s Steam Engine
1769

29. Young Coal Miners

30. Child Labor in the Mines
Child “hurriers”

31. Richard Trevithick Steam Powered Carriage-1801

32. Robert Fulton Steam Paddle Ship 1807

33. George Stephenson Steam Locomotive 1814

34. Advantages of Railroads
Cheaper
Faster
Greater hauling capacity

35. Crystal Palace

36. Steel
Henry Bessemer
Mid 1800’s

37. Samuel Slater

38. Modern Capitalism
Laissez-faire
Free Enterprise

39. Samuel Morse 1830’s Telegraph
Communication
Marconi’s Wireless Telegraph 1895
Samuel Morse 1830’s Telegraph
Alexander Graham Bell
Telephone 1876

40. Electricity
Farraday 1831

41. Thomas Edison Incandescent Bulb and Phonograph 1890’s

42. Industrialization in Europe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   By the middle of the nineteenth century industrialization had spread across Europe, aided by the development of railroad links that brought resources to the new factories and transported their finished goods to world markets.

43. Energy and Engines Gottlieb-Daimler-late 1800’s Rudolf Diesel Zeppelin
Wright Brothers