1. Industrial Revolution 1750 - 1850

2. Industrial Revolution
Most revolutionary of all other revolutions
Over the 4000 yrs we have studied very little had changed for the average person

3. Pre Industrial Revolution
Most people lived off the land
Life expectancy for the last 15,000 yrs was 35
Education was a privilege not a right
In all this time we never developed a weapon that would kill over a dozen people at a time
Never came up with a way to travel faster that horseback
15,000 yrs most people did not own or use a item made outside their community

4. How did the Industrial Rev affect you?

5. Simple Stat to sum it up
Before Industrial Revolution – 80% of people farmed
Today in the US – less than 1% of people are farmers

6. My Definition of the Industrial Revolution
It was an increase of production brought about by the use of Machines and characterized by the use of new power sources.

7. Where will the Industrial Revolutions start?
The Industrial Revolution will start in Europe.
Great Britain to be exact. Why?
We will cover this later.

8. The series of inventions that led to the Industrial Revolution
Flying Shuttle
Spinning Jenny - H20 power
Water Frame – H20 power
Power loom – H20 power
Steam powered water pumps

9. Coal Coal was being used as a heat source in Britain
Coal was cheap there because it was close to the surface there
Mines flooded
Coal steam powered water pump invented to pump out water
Pumps powered by coal kept coal cheap which caused more desire for cheap coal

10. James Watt’s Steam Engine
His more efficient steam engine (powered by ??????) will be adapted for all kinds of new stuff.
Power source for textile mills machinery
Steam powered boats
Trains

11. The steam engine, how important are you to us today?
We may have advanced but all these are just large steam engines. The one on the left is coal powered.

12. Mines can be deeper now because of water pumps more coal can be mined
Mines can be deeper now because of water pumps more coal can be mined. More coal allows for other chemicals to come in use.
“Before that you suffer it to be washed, lay it all night in urine, the next day rub all the spots in the urine as if you were washing in water; then lay it in more urine another night and then rub it again, and so do till you find they be quite out.” Hannah Woolley, The Compleat Servant-Maid, 1677

13. Why does the Industrial Revolution start in Great Britain?
At this time Europe, China and India was technologically all the same at this time

14. Great Britain had 2 big advantages
1st advantage – Coal
It is really all about coal
Automating and new power source
GB had a lot of coal near the surface
Replaced wood for heating and cooking which caused demand
Demand made for more need to pump water out of mines which caused demand for steam engines fueled by coal to power pumps which caused demand for more coal

15. Positive Loop Created
In other words Cheap British coal was needed to keep British coal Cheap, and Cheap British coal gave rise to better machines to keep British coal Cheap.

16. British Advantage #2 Britain had highest wages for labor
Cheap energy costs
Gave incentive for people to find alternatives to labor (both China and India did not need automation because labor was cheap)

17. What drove this Industry?
Cotton cloth
India started this market because it could make it cheap with cheap labor
Great Britain wanted to get into this market so it had to automate to be competitive
From Great Britain the Industrial Revolution would spread throughout the world.

18. Overview of the Causes of Industrial Revolution in the US
Trade Disruption
Population Growth
Transportation Improvements
Scarce Skilled Craftsmen
Protected Markets
“Borrowed Technology”

19. Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Trade Disruption – creates demand
Population Growth – demand & labor
Transportation Improvements – Easier to move products.
Early canal

20. Origins II
Scarce Skilled Craftsmen
Protected Markets

21. Origins III “Borrowed Technology” Richard Arkwright’s Water Frame
Samuel Slater
Arkwright’s Water Frame

22. Spinning Wheel

23. Slater and the First Textile Mill in the US
Right: Slater’s Mill, Pawtucket, Rhode Island

24. Slater’s Mill

25. “Borrowed Technology”
Power Loom
Francis Cabot Lowell
Silhouette of Francis Cabot Lowell
Silhouette of Francis Cabot Lowell

26. Power Loom Weaver
Power Loom Weaver

27. Lowell Textile Mills

28. Lowell Textile Mills

29. Slaves Using the Cotton Gin

30. Changes in Cotton Production
1820
1860

31. Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US Exports

32. Industrialization’s Regional Development
Geographic Concentration
Regional Contrasts
Northeast
South
West

33. Transportation Revolution
Overview:
Canals
Steamboats
Railroads

34. “Borrowed Technology”
Canals
British Invention
Erie Canal
Early Canals

35. Erie Canal

36. Rivers Versus Canals Water Ways One Way Slow Light Goods Costly N/S
Direction
Canals
Two Way
Faster
Heavy Goods
Cheaper
E/W

37. Erie Canal Geography Construction and Cost Impact: “Canal Boom”
New York becomes the top commerce city of America
Encourages people to move to Great Lakes area

38. Erie Canal

39. “Borrowed Technology”
Railroads
British Invention

40. 1850’s to 1880s steam locomotive

42. Impact of Railroads
Time – Much faster to travel
Transportation Costs of goods go down by drastic amounts

43. Steamboats
Impact – now products can be moved quickly on southern rivers
Why are these boats designed to look like this?

45. Impact of Industrialization
Changes in Work
Immigration
Immigrants to the US, 1887

46. Immigration to the US,

47. Two Chief Groups: Irish and Germans
Stamp US Postage Adopted in 1999

48. Impact of Industrialization
Urbanization
Growth of Towns and Cities
Chicago, 1860

49. Impact of Industrialization
US Social Structure
Stratified Society
Growing Inequality – Many poor workers
The beginnings of middle class. – Factory managers

50. Growing Economic Inequality
Tenements in Slums

51. The Industrial Revolution in Perspective
US Still an Agrarian Society
But big changes are on the way.

52. Economics of the American System
Protective tariffs are put in place
No central banking or monetary system in place
Banks could issue their own money
Between 1815 – 1860 there are 3 major economic panics?
Debate over how much power the federal govt has in financial working of the country

53. Homework
Answer questions for pp