1. 3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases

2. Solids, Liquids, and Gases
The carpenter’s level represents all three states of matter
States of matter:
Solids
Liquids
Gases

3. Definite Volume or Shape?
Volume-how much space something takes up
An elephant has a greater volume than a pencil
Shape-the way something looks
Think of the difference between a square or a circle

4. Definite Volume or Shape?
Solids: definite volume and definite shape
Liquids: definite volume but no definite shape
Gases: no definite volume or shape

5. Definite Volume or Shape?
Definite Shape
Solids
YES
Liquids NO
Gases

6. Other States of Matter
Almost everything on Earth exists in solid, liquid, or gas form
But nearly everything else in the Universe exists in a state not found on Earth
Plasma
Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC)

7. Kinetic Theory Kinetic comes from a Greek word meaning, “to move”
Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its motion
The faster an object moves, the greater its kinetic energy
Ball thrown at 85 mph has more kinetic energy than a ball thrown at 78 mph

8. Interesting! The batter sees the ball moving
But there is movement within the ball too (that is not seen)

9. Kinetic Theory of Matter
This theory simply states that all particles in matter are constantly moving

10. Explaining Behaviors
Motion in Gases: motion of billiards in a game of pool.
Particles in a gas are in constant, random motion
Motions of particles are unaffected by each other unless they collide
Forces of attraction between particles can be ignored under ordinary conditions

11. Explaining Behaviors
Motion in Liquids: Like walking through a crowded hallway
Particles are more densely packed
So forces of attraction do affect each other’s motions
Constant tug of war due to
motion and attraction

12. Explaining Behaviors
Motion in solids: like being in a packed movie theatre
Particles vibrate around fixed locations
Particles do not exchange places with their neighboring atoms