1. Agenda diēs Mercuriī, a.d. vi Kal. Oct. A.D. MMXVIII
HW Check: worksheet 9
Do Now #4: conjugate sum in the perfect tense & translate
Dative of Indirect Object
Review Worksheet 9 (Perfect Tense)
Pluperfect Tense of 1st & 2nd Conjugation Verbs and Sum
Ablative of Means/Instrument
Pensum:
Worksheet 10
Keep studying vocab. list #3
Latin MS8
Mr. Finnigan
Boston Latin School

2. The Dative Case: Dative of Indirect Object

3. The Dative Case – Indirect Object
the indirect object is shown through a noun in the dative case
indirect object: the person or thing to or for whom/which something is said, given, shown, or done
translate using to or for
after verbs of giving, showing, saying, or telling, e.g.:
to give: dō, dare, dedī, datus
to show: monstrō, monstrāre, monstrāvī, monstrātus
to say: dicō, dicere, dīxī, dictus
to tell: nārrō, nārrāre, nārrāvī, nārrātus

4. Dative of Indirect Object
In English, we usually omit the preposition to or for
I will give misbehaving students misdemeanor marks.
I will give candy to behaving students.
I.O. usually comes before the D.O. in Latin
can be translated before or after the D.O.
e.g.:
Fīliae meae fabūlam dē bellō nārrābō.
I will tell my daughter a story about the war.
I will tell a story about the war to my daughter.

5. Dative of Indirect Object
N.B.: do not confuse the dative of I.O. with the accusative of PTW
acc. of PTW requires a verb of motion
dat. of I.O. comes after verbs of giving, showing, saying, or telling
Dōnum puellae dabō.
Aquam ad puellam portābō.

6. Dative of Indirect Object – Practice
Identify the D.O. and I.O., then translate:
Nauta puerō aquam dat.
Equīs frūmentum dabāmus.
Fīliō bonō dōna multa dabunt.
Agricolae fēminae fabūlam nārrant.

7. The Pluperfect Tense

8. Pluperfect Tense
Pluperfect tense (plūs quam perfectum) indicates action happening in the past before another past action/event
Translate: “had ________ed”
To form:
Find the perfect stem (3rd PP and drop the –ī)
Add the plupf. tense infix/marker –era–
Add personal endings (–m, –s, –t, –mus, –tis, –nt)

9. perfect stem + plupf. infix. + personal endings
Pluperfect Tense
So…
perfect stem + plupf. infix. + personal endings
3rd PP – -ī –era– SG PL
1st m
mus
2nd s
tis
3rd t nt

10. perfect stem + impf. of sum, esse
Pluperfect Tense
OR…
perfect stem + impf. of sum, esse
3rd PP – -ī + SG PL
1st
eram
erāmus
2nd
erās
eratis
3rd
erat
erant

11. perfect stem + plupf. endings
Pluperfect Tense
OR…
perfect stem + plupf. endings
3rd PP – -ī + SG PL
1st
eram
erāmus
2nd
erās
eratis
3rd
erat
erant

12. Pluperfect Tense ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī, ambulātus: to walk SG PL
2nd
3rd

13. Pluperfect Tense ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī, ambulātus: to walk SG PL
2nd
3rd

14. Pluperfect Tense ambulāv
ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī, ambulātus: to walk SG PL
1st
ambulāv
2nd
3rd

15. Pluperfect Tense ambulāvera
ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī, ambulātus: to walk SG PL
1st
ambulāvera
2nd
3rd

16. Pluperfect Tense ambulāveram ambulāverāmus ambulāverās ambulāverātis
ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī, ambulātus: to walk SG PL
1st
ambulāveram
ambulāverāmus
2nd
ambulāverās
ambulāverātis
3rd
ambulāverat
ambulāverant

17. Pluperfect Tense of Sum, Esse

18. Pluperfect of Sum, Esse SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd formed regularly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL
1st
2nd
3rd

19. Pluperfect of Sum, Esse SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd formed regularly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL
1st
2nd
3rd

20. Pluperfect of Sum, Esse fu SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd formed regularly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL
1st fu
2nd
3rd

21. Pluperfect of Sum, Esse fuera fuerā SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd formed regularly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL
1st
fuera
fuerā
2nd
3rd

22. Pluperfect of Sum, Esse fueram fuerāmus fuerās fuerātis fuerat fuerant
formed regularly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL
1st
fueram
fuerāmus
2nd
fuerās
fuerātis
3rd
fuerat
fuerant

23. Pluperfect of Sum, Esse fueram fuerāmus fuerās fuerātis fuerat fuerant
formed regularly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL
1st
fueram
I had been
fuerāmus
we had been
2nd
fuerās
you had been
fuerātis
you (pl.) had been
3rd
fuerat
he/she/it had been
fuerant
they had been

24. Ablative of Means

25. Ablative of Means
the ablative case is used to show the means by which or the instrument with which something is done
when used thus, it does NOT take a preposition
called the ablative of means (or instrument)
used of things, not persons
translate using “with” or another preposition meaning “by means of”

26. Ablative of Means Servus tubā signum dedit.
The slave gave the signal with a trumpet.
…by means of a trumpet.
Deōs multīs linguīs laudāvērant.
They had praised the gods in/with many languages.
…by means of many languages.

27. Ablative of Means – Exerceāmus
Identify the ablative of means in the following sentences and translate the entire sentence:
Nūntius virōs fēmināsque in oppidum tubā convōcābat.
Frūmentum equīs carrīsque* ex agrō portābunt.
*carrus, carrī, m.: wagon
Agricolae deīs deabusque multīs dōnīs grātiās agēbant*.
*agere gratiās: to thank