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Agenda diēs Mercuriī, a.d. vi Kal. Oct. A.D. MMXVIII
HW Check: worksheet 9 Do Now #4: conjugate sum in the perfect tense & translate Dative of Indirect Object Review Worksheet 9 (Perfect Tense) Pluperfect Tense of 1st & 2nd Conjugation Verbs and Sum Ablative of Means/Instrument Pensum: Worksheet 10 Keep studying vocab. list #3 Latin MS8 Mr. Finnigan Boston Latin School
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The Dative Case: Dative of Indirect Object
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The Dative Case – Indirect Object
the indirect object is shown through a noun in the dative case indirect object: the person or thing to or for whom/which something is said, given, shown, or done translate using to or for after verbs of giving, showing, saying, or telling, e.g.: to give: dō, dare, dedī, datus to show: monstrō, monstrāre, monstrāvī, monstrātus to say: dicō, dicere, dīxī, dictus to tell: nārrō, nārrāre, nārrāvī, nārrātus
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Dative of Indirect Object
In English, we usually omit the preposition to or for I will give misbehaving students misdemeanor marks. I will give candy to behaving students. I.O. usually comes before the D.O. in Latin can be translated before or after the D.O. e.g.: Fīliae meae fabūlam dē bellō nārrābō. I will tell my daughter a story about the war. I will tell a story about the war to my daughter.
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Dative of Indirect Object
N.B.: do not confuse the dative of I.O. with the accusative of PTW acc. of PTW requires a verb of motion dat. of I.O. comes after verbs of giving, showing, saying, or telling Dōnum puellae dabō. Aquam ad puellam portābō.
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Dative of Indirect Object – Practice
Identify the D.O. and I.O., then translate: Nauta puerō aquam dat. Equīs frūmentum dabāmus. Fīliō bonō dōna multa dabunt. Agricolae fēminae fabūlam nārrant.
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The Pluperfect Tense
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Pluperfect Tense Pluperfect tense (plūs quam perfectum) indicates action happening in the past before another past action/event Translate: “had ________ed” To form: Find the perfect stem (3rd PP and drop the –ī) Add the plupf. tense infix/marker –era– Add personal endings (–m, –s, –t, –mus, –tis, –nt)
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perfect stem + plupf. infix. + personal endings
Pluperfect Tense So… perfect stem + plupf. infix. + personal endings 3rd PP – -ī –era– SG PL 1st m mus 2nd s tis 3rd t nt
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perfect stem + impf. of sum, esse
Pluperfect Tense OR… perfect stem + impf. of sum, esse 3rd PP – -ī + SG PL 1st eram erāmus 2nd erās eratis 3rd erat erant
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perfect stem + plupf. endings
Pluperfect Tense OR… perfect stem + plupf. endings 3rd PP – -ī + SG PL 1st eram erāmus 2nd erās eratis 3rd erat erant
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Pluperfect Tense ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī, ambulātus: to walk SG PL
2nd 3rd
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Pluperfect Tense ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī, ambulātus: to walk SG PL
2nd 3rd
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Pluperfect Tense ambulāv
ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī, ambulātus: to walk SG PL 1st ambulāv 2nd 3rd
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Pluperfect Tense ambulāvera
ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī, ambulātus: to walk SG PL 1st ambulāvera 2nd 3rd
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Pluperfect Tense ambulāveram ambulāverāmus ambulāverās ambulāverātis
ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī, ambulātus: to walk SG PL 1st ambulāveram ambulāverāmus 2nd ambulāverās ambulāverātis 3rd ambulāverat ambulāverant
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Pluperfect Tense of Sum, Esse
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Pluperfect of Sum, Esse SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd formed regularly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd
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Pluperfect of Sum, Esse SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd formed regularly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd
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Pluperfect of Sum, Esse fu SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd formed regularly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL 1st fu 2nd 3rd
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Pluperfect of Sum, Esse fuera fuerā SG PL 1st 2nd 3rd formed regularly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL 1st fuera fuerā 2nd 3rd
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Pluperfect of Sum, Esse fueram fuerāmus fuerās fuerātis fuerat fuerant
formed regularly sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL 1st fueram fuerāmus 2nd fuerās fuerātis 3rd fuerat fuerant
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Pluperfect of Sum, Esse fueram fuerāmus fuerās fuerātis fuerat fuerant
formed regularly sum, esse, fuī, futūrus: to be SG PL 1st fueram I had been fuerāmus we had been 2nd fuerās you had been fuerātis you (pl.) had been 3rd fuerat he/she/it had been fuerant they had been
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Ablative of Means
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Ablative of Means the ablative case is used to show the means by which or the instrument with which something is done when used thus, it does NOT take a preposition called the ablative of means (or instrument) used of things, not persons translate using “with” or another preposition meaning “by means of”
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Ablative of Means Servus tubā signum dedit.
The slave gave the signal with a trumpet. …by means of a trumpet. Deōs multīs linguīs laudāvērant. They had praised the gods in/with many languages. …by means of many languages.
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Ablative of Means – Exerceāmus
Identify the ablative of means in the following sentences and translate the entire sentence: Nūntius virōs fēmināsque in oppidum tubā convōcābat. Frūmentum equīs carrīsque* ex agrō portābunt. *carrus, carrī, m.: wagon Agricolae deīs deabusque multīs dōnīs grātiās agēbant*. *agere gratiās: to thank
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