1. Border Control at the Nucleus: Biogenesis and Organization of the Nuclear Membrane and Pore Complexes 
Martin W. Hetzer, Susan R. Wente 
Developmental Cell 
Volume 17, Issue 5, Pages (November 2009)
DOI: /j.devcel
Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1 De Novo NPC Biogenesis
Distinct steps in the sequential self-assembly pathway are shown (supporting references are cited in the text).
(A) At the closed nuclear envelope (NE), specific Nups are assembled into subcomplexes and recruited to preassembly sites on the inner nuclear membrane (INM) or outer nuclear membrane (ONM).
(B) The RanGTPase is required on both sides of the NE to mediate nuclear localization via preexisting NPCs and to release assembly factors and/or Nups.
(C) Proteins at preassembly sites on the INM and ONM mediate close apposition of the membranes. Poms are shown here as one possible mediator of this apposition; other possible mediators are discussed in the text.
(D) Pore formation requires that the luminal leaflets of the INM and ONM resolve and fuse.
(E) Nascent pore membrane curvature could be transiently stabilized by the reticulons (RTNs).
(F) Recruitment of Nup subcomplexes results in a stable membrane coat and linkage of the Poms to the central ring Nups via yNup170/157 and yNup53/59.
(G) Assembly of the peripheral Nups forms the filamentous cytoplasmic and nuclear structures, with the permeability barrier from FG domains and a central 9 nm aqueous channel.
Developmental Cell  , DOI: ( /j.devcel )
Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2 Cell Cycle Dynamics of the Nuclear Envelope Border
Nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) and nuclear envelope (NE) formation are both observed in cultured human osteosarcoma (U2OS) cells as they progress through the cell cycle. The NE is visualized by Pom121-GFP (green), whereas the chromatin is visualized by histone H2B-cherry (red). Image courtesy of Jesse Vargas.
Developmental Cell  , DOI: ( /j.devcel )
Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions