1. Disorders Associated with Insulin and Glucagon
Including Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and 2

2. Diabetes Mellitus About, Causes and Effects
A serious chronic condition that results when the pancreas does not make enough insulin or the body does not respond properly to insulin. This results in high blood sugar which results in frequent urination, increased thirst and increased hunger.
The symptoms of diabetes are also: frequent urination, increased thirst and increased hunger.
It is caused by antibodies which attack the pancreas which results in the beta cells degenerating and therefore they are unable to produce insulin.

3. Diabetes Insulin Feedback Loop
       With diabetes
Normal

4. Diabetes Glucagon Feedback Loop
With diabetes
No change
Normal

5.    Type 1                      Type 2
The body does not produce insulin, either from a genetic disorder, or from certain viruses.
This is because the pancreas is attacked, either by a virus, or the person's own imune system.
The body does not produce insulin, because the insulin production factories have been exhausted.
This is generally caused by a diet high in sugar and other fatty foods.

6. Diagnosis Technoligies
There are three main tests use to diagnose diabetes, all of which measure the blood glucose levels.
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) tests measure the blood glucose of someone who has not eaten for at least 8 hours.
Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) meansure the blood glucose of someone who has not eaten for at least 8 hours, and 2 hours after they have drunk a glucose-containing beverage.
Random plasma glucose tests measure blood glucose in someone, without regard to when they last ate.

7. Treatment Technologies
The first treatment for diabetes is exercise and a diabetic diet, assuming it is type 2 diabetes.
If that fails to work, or if it is type 1 diabetes, oral medications are tried.
If that still doesn't work, treatment directly with insulin is the last option.