1. DNA and Protein Synthesis
Ch.11 Review
DNA and Protein Synthesis

2. Who discovered the structure of DNA?
A. Rosalind Franklin B. Hershey and Chase C. Watson and Crick D. Alfred Griffith

3. DNA has what type of structure?
Alpha Helix
Double Helix
Single Strand
Circular
B. Double Helix

4. What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribose Dioxygen Nucleic Acid
Deoxy Nucleic Acid
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
D. Deoxyribonucleic Acid

5. What is the function of DNA?
Stores our genetic information
Codes for mRNA to make proteins
Makes lipids
Both A and B
D. Both A and B

6. What is the monomer of DNA?
Nitrogen Base
Nucleotide
Deoxyribose
Amino Acid
B. Nucleotide

7. What are the three components of a nucleotide?
Phosphate, Sugar, Nitrogen Base

8. Which part of a nucleotide acts as the “glue” that stacks the nucleotides together to form the DNA backbone?
Phosphate

9. Name the four DNA nitrogen Bases?
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Thymine

10. The complementary base for Cytosine is _________.
Guanine Nitrogen bases have complementary matching pairs.

11. Select the correct formation of a nucleotide below:
Sugar- Phosphate- Nitrogen Base
Phosphate- Nitrogen Base- Sugar
Phosphate- Sugar- Nitrogen Base
Nitrogen Base- Phosphate- Sugar
C. Phosphate- Sugar- Nitrogen Base

12. Where does DNA replication take place?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Rough ER
A. Nucleus- DNA never leaves the nucleus

13. Semiconservative replication results in:
1 parent strand + 1 new strand
2 new strands
2 parent strands
Mixed fragments of parent and new strands.
A. 1 parent strand + 1 new strand

14. DNA replication is controlled by:
Genes
Nucleic Acids
Enzymes
Carbohydrates
C. Enzymes

15. How are DNA and RNA similar?
They both have nucleotides as their monomers.

16. List three things that makes RNA different from DNA.
1. RNA sugar= Ribose 2. RNA is single stranded 3. Thymine is replayced by Uracil

17. What is the monomer of RNA?
Nitrogen Base
Nucleotide
Deoxyribose
Amino Acid
B. Nucleotide

18. What would be the complimentary mRNA sequence for the following DNA code: ATGCGA
TACGCT
CGUAUC
UACGGA
UACGCU
D. UACGCU

19. Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA?
tRNA
rRNA
mRNA
Protein
D. Protein- Is not a type of RNA

20. Where does translation take place?
Ribosome

21. This is an example of what process?
Translation

22. What would happen if tRNA did not function?
The coded message wouldn’t get to the ribosome
mRNA can’t be created
Amino acids could not be attached to the protein chain.
Protein synthesis would be very sad.
C. Amino acids could not be attached to the protein chain

23. What does tRNA need in order to bind to the mRNA codons?
tRNA needs to have an anticodon that matches the codon on mRNA

24. What does a ribosome do?
Makes proteins

25. What is the goal of transcription?
Make mRNA “the message” * mRNA is created by copying segments of DNA

26. What is the goal of translation?
Convert from mRNA code to Amino Acids

27. When ribosomes read mRNA, they do so by looking at the _______.
Codons - Reading frames composed of three bases.

28. Any change in the DNA sequence is known as a _______.
Mutation

29. What type of mutation results from an addition or deletion to the DNA sequence?
Frameshift Mutation
Pont Mutation
Mutagen
Cancer
A. Frameshift Mutation

30. Translate the following mRNA code into amino acids: ACGUAC
UAC= tyr
ACG= thr