1. Protein Synthesis

2. What is the Central Dogma Theory?
Question of the Day!
What is the Central Dogma Theory?

3. Objective
YOU will be able to explain how genes in DNA are used to make proteins.

4. Divided into two steps:
Protein Synthesis
Divided into two steps:
Transcription: DNA to RNA
Translation: RNA to Protein

5. Transcription DNA to RNA Occurs inside the nucleus
RNA Polymerase: transcribes (reads and copies) the compliment of a gene on DNA IN RNA FORM
Messenger RNA (mRNA)- carries instruction copies of DNA outside the nucleus
DNA: A G C A A G C T
RNA: U C G U U C G A

6. Example Problem DNA: T A T C G A A T
What is the compliment RNA sequence?
RNA: A U A G C U U A

7. mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm where a ribosome attaches to it.
Codon: three base pairs found on mRNA
Anticodon: three base pairs found on tRNA that match the codon.
Transfer RNA (tRNA): brings an amino acid to the mRNA sequence.
If the codon and anticodon base pair three times the amino acid is released to the ribosome. Continues to add to amino acids from a chain.
Translation

8. Translation

9. Golgi Apparatus
After protein synthesis proteins are folded.

10. Example Problem
mRNA sequence: GGAUCACCUUGA
Amino Acid sequence?

11. Transcription and Translation
DNA: AGTCGTAATTTA

12. Activity Model the protein synthesis process.
At each station write down a quick summary in your notebook of what is going to happen.
Every pair gets DNA sequence (blue strips)
Transcribe DNA sequence to get mRNA sequence (yellow strips)

13. Exit Ticket