1. Early Civilizations, Governments, & Religions

2. Entry Task Textbook Pages 17-23 Questions:
What are the 8 basic features of a civilization?
How have different types of challenges encouraged peoples & civilizations to change over time?

3. 8 Basic Features Cities Organized governments Complex religions
Job specialization
Social classes
Arts & architecture
Public works
Writing

4. Changes over time
How have different types of challenges encouraged peoples & civilizations to change over time?

5. Crash Course World History
Episode 2: Indus Valley Civilization
Write down as many notes as you can while we watch, we’ll compile our notes & see how much we can get

6. Government – What is it?
The ruling body of a nation, state, or community.
In charge of:
creating and regulating laws
managing the economy
enforcing policies
This can happen in many different ways, with different levels of freedoms.
Not all governments are the same, and some look very different

7. Totalitarian
A system of govt. that is centralized & dictatorial; requires complete subservience to the state
Key features:
ideology addresses all aspects of life & outlines means to attain the final goal
single-party system
led by a dictator
some sense of terror used to control the people
Historical examples:
Hitler’s Germany
Stalin’s Soviet Union
Mussolini’s Italy

8. Autocracy System of government by one person with absolute power
Monarchies are a type of autocracy, the next in line to the throne is based on heredity (son or daughter)
Historical examples:
Louis XIV (aka the sun king)

9. Aristocracy
Rule by the few (Greek root words: ‘rule by the best’), usually made up of land owning, wealthy, and influential members of society
Oligarchy is the main type of aristocracy
Historical Example
Sparta (ancient Greek city-state)

10. Democracy
form of govt. in which all eligible citizens are meant to participate equally
Key Features:
All eligible citizens help make laws and govern
In ancient Greece, eligible citizens did not mean ‘everybody’. Referred to wealthy, male citizens, who were Greek born
Simple majorities
Historical examples:
Athens
Switzerland

11. Republic
system of government where people elect representatives to exercise power for them
What government does the US have?
A Democratic Republic! (we elect people to exercise power for us, but we elect them with a majority vote.)

12. Anarchy
Absence of government, no government

13. Spectrum of Govt. Power Totalitarian (Dictatorship)
Autocracy & Aristocracy
Democracy
Republic
Anarchy
100% Power to Government
0% Personal Choices
100 % Equality
0% Power to Government
100% Personal Choices
0% Equality