1. Jack’s wife was near death
Jack’s wife was near death. There was one drug on the planet that could save her, and it was only sold in Jack’s hometown. The druggist who was selling it, however, was charging ten times what it cost to make the drug. Jack couldn’t afford the drug. He tried borrowing money from his friends and family, and could only come up with half of the cost of the drug. He explained his problem to the druggist, but the druggist refused to sell him the drug for less money, and he also refused to let Jack pay the second half later. Jack decided that he had to steal the drug.
Write what you think Jack should do and why.

2. Moral? Have you heard this word before? What does it mean?
Judging what is right and wrong.

3. Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
Lawrence Kohlberg ( )
Morality is the system one uses to decide what is right and wrong;
how one’s conscience affects choices.
Lawrence Kohlberg, a psychologist, explored what motivates individuals to act the way they do. He then devised a theory about how people change their views of what’s right and wrong as they grow.

4. Levels of Moral Development
He creates six stages of moral development divided into three levels.
Level I: Preconventional
Stage 1
Stage 2
Level II: Conventional
Stage 3
Stage 4
Level III: Post-Conventional
Stage 5
Stage 6

5. We hopefully end up here.
We start here……

6. Level I Preconventional
What is Good for Self
Reward & Punishment
Usually young children, Very selfish
Age six and under

7. Stage I: Punishment Avoidance
Acts to avoid pain or punishment
Wants to not get spanked or get a “time out”

8. Stage 2: You Scratch My Back; I’ll Scratch Yours
Acts to get a reward
Wants to get a hug or a piece of candy or back scratch
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9. Level II Conventional What is Good for Others
Majority of adults; Conform to
expectations and are usually loyal

10. Stage 3 Approval of Others
Acts to gain approval; conforms
Wants to be a “good girl/boy”; wants others to see as nice

11. Stage 4 Law & Order Acts because of belief in the law and order
Wants society to be orderly and understands duty/respect for authority
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12. Level III Postconventional
What Is Universally Good
Minority of adults;
Define moral values on own values
(do not rely on authority’s definition)

13. Stage 5 -Social Principles Contract
Acts for the welfare of others
Wants other people to be safe and happy; willing to change law if necessary

14. Stage 6 - Universal Principles of Conscious
Acts because of her/his own conscience/set of beliefs
Wants all human beings to be respected for their dignity, believes in justice and equality; will disregard law if necessary
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15. Which level are you?
The Jack Dilemma

16. Should Jack have stolen the drug?
A. YES
B. NO

17. Because…
A. he would get in trouble from his family members for not getting help
B. he can risk his life if he thinks he can get away with it
C. no one will respect him if he lets her die
D. it’s his duty to his wife, he should pay later and accept the law’s penalty
E. the law wasn’t meant to violate life, the law should be reinterpreted if he is caught
F. if he didn’t steal it, he’d be putting another value above that of life; respect for property should not be above the respect for life; there shouldn’t be private property; it is everyone’s duty to help the dying

18. Because… A. he would go to jail B. it’s more risk than it’s worth
C. everyone will think he’s a criminal
D. because even though his natural duty is to obey the law, it would create violence/crime if every store owner were charging excessive prices

19. Stage I: Punishment Avoidance
You are…
Stage I: Punishment Avoidance
Acts to avoid pain or punishment
Wants to not get spanked or get a “time out”
On to Practice

20. You Scratch My Back; I’ll Scratch Yours
You are…
Stage II:
You Scratch My Back; I’ll Scratch Yours
Acts to get a reward
Wants to get a hug or a piece of candy or back scratch
On to Practice

21. Stage III:Approval of Others
You are…
Stage III:Approval of Others
Acts to gain approval
Conforms
Wants to be a “good girl/boy”
Wants others to see as nice
On to Practice

22. You are… Stage IV:Law & Order
Acts because of belief in the law and order
Wants society to be orderly and understands duty/respect for authority
On to Practice

23. Stage V:Social Principles Contract
You are…
Stage V:Social Principles Contract
Acts for the welfare of others
Wants other people to be safe and happy; willing to change law if necessary
On to Practice

24. Stage VI:Universal Principles of Conscious
You are…
Stage VI:Universal Principles of Conscious
Acts because of her/his own conscience/set of beliefs
Wants all human beings to be respected for their dignity, believes in justice and equality; will disregard law if necessary
On to Practice

25. Practice
Directions:
Choose the correct level of moral reasoning for each example.

26. Example #1
If I make my neighbor a present and give it to her, she’ll be very happy.
Stage 1: Punishment Avoidance
Stage 2: You scratch my back; I’ll scratch yours
Stage 3: Approval of others
Stage 4: Law and Order
Stage 5: Social Principles Contract
Stage 6: Universal Principles of Conscious

27. Example #2
If I leave my bicycle in the middle of the front yard, I will be punished.
Stage 1: Punishment Avoidance
Stage 2: You scratch my back; I’ll scratch yours
Stage 3: Approval of others
Stage 4: Law and Order
Stage 5: Social Principles Contract
Stage 6: Universal Principles of Conscious

28. Example #3
In order to stay true to my personal code of morals, I need to protest the dictatorship of the government.
Stage 1: Punishment Avoidance
Stage 2: You scratch my back; I’ll scratch yours
Stage 3: Approval of others
Stage 4: Law and Order
Stage 5: Social Principles Contract
Stage 6: Universal Principles of Conscious

29. Example #4
If I obey the speed limit, the roads will be safer for everyone.
Stage 1: Punishment Avoidance
Stage 2: You scratch my back; I’ll scratch yours
Stage 3: Approval of others
Stage 4: Law and Order
Stage 5: Social Principles Contract
Stage 6: Universal Principles of Conscious

30. Example #5
If I want to protest a government policy or action, the Bill of Rights guarantees my freedom to do so.
Stage 1: Punishment Avoidance
Stage 2: You scratch my back; I’ll scratch yours
Stage 3: Approval of others
Stage 4: Law and Order
Stage 5: Social Principles Contract
Stage 6: Universal Principles of Conscious

31. Example #6
If I do the dishes for my father, he will take me to the baseball game.
Stage 1: Punishment Avoidance
Stage 2: You scratch my back; I’ll scratch yours
Stage 3: Approval of others
Stage 4: Law and Order
Stage 5: Social Principles Contract
Stage 6: Universal Principles of Conscious
Back to Contents

32. You are correct!
Great Job
On to example

33. Oops! That answer is incorrect.
Try Again.
Back to example

34. Homework: Pick 3 Stages and Write Your Own Examples.

35. Closure
Write about someone you know who is in the post-conventional level of moral reasoning.