1. Chapter 10, Ancient Greece, Day 2
Do Now: 1) How did Alexander the Great effect Southwest Asia and Northeast Africa?

2. After Alexander’s death, competition for empire
Divided by generals – WHY in this way?
Antigonus: Greece and Macedon
Ptolemy: Egypt
Seleucus: Persian Achaemenid empire
Economic integration, intellectual cross-fertilization

3. Hellenistic Empires after Alexander
The Ptolemaic Empire (Egypt)
Wealthiest of the Hellenistic empires
Established state monopolies
Textiles
Salt
Beer
Capital: Alexandria
Important port city
Major museum, library
The Antigonid Empire (Greece)
Smallest of Hellenistic empires
Local dissent
Issue of land distribution
Heavy colonizing activity
Seleucid Empire (Persia)
Massive colonization of Greeks
Export of Greek culture, values as far east as India
Bactria
Ashoka legislates in Greek and Aramaic

4. Trade and Integration of the Mediterranean Basin
Greece: little grain, but rich in olives and grapes
Colonies further trade
Commerce rather than agriculture as basis of much of economy
Panhellenic Festivals
Useful for integrating far-flung colonies
Olympic Games begin 776 B.C.E.
Sense of collective identity

5. Patriarchal Society
Women as goddesses, wives, prostitutes
Limited exposure in public sphere
Sparta partial exception
Sappho
Role of infanticide in Greek society and culture
Slavery
Scythians (Ukraine)
Nubians (Africa)
Chattel
Sometimes used in business
Opportunity to buy freedom

6. The Greek Language
Borrowed Phoenician alphabet (who invented alphabet)
Added vowels
Complex language
Science and Mathematics
Use of observable evidence, rational thought
Thales predicts eclipse, 28 May 585 B.C.E.
Democritus, atoms
Pythagoras, systematic approach to mathematics
Hippocrates, human anatomy and physiology

7. Systematized Socratic thought Republic
Plato
Systematized Socratic thought
Republic
Philosopher kings
Theory of Forms or Ideas
Plato’s Cave
Socrates
The Socratic method
Student: Plato
Public gadfly, condemned on charges of immorality
Forced to drink hemlock

8. Aristotle ( B.C.E.)
Student of Plato
Broke with theory of Forms or Ideas
Emphasis on empirical findings, reason
Massive impact on western thought
Religion
Polytheism
Zeus principal god
Religious cults
Eleusinian mysteries
The Bacchae
Rituals eventually domesticated

9. Hellenistic Philosophies Epicureans Pleasure, distinct from Hedonists
Skeptics
Doubted possibility of certainty in anything
Stoics
Duty, virtue
Emphasis on inner peace
Tragic Drama
Evolution from public presentations of cultic rituals
Major playwrights (fifth century B.C.E.)
Aeschylus
Sophocles
Euripides
Comedy: Aristophanes

10. Summary
Can you use PERSIAN to describe the Ancient Greek Civilization? Provide examples P E R S I A N