1. 1-1 The Two Worlds of Christendom
Key Terms and people

4. Key Terms and people
Byzantine Empire- The old eastern half of the Roman Empire centered out of the city of Constantinople. When Rome fell, it was only the western half. The east lived on for another 1000 years.
Constantine- The Roman Emperor who founded Constantinople and moved the capital there, laying the foundation for what would later become the Byzantine Empire.
Constantinople- Capital of the Byzantine Empire, important and wealthy center for trade between Europe, Africa, and Asia. Located on the Bosporus
Caesaropapism- “Ceasar over Pope.” Describes how Byzantine Emperors held both religious and political power.

5. Key Terms and people
Justinian- the only Byzantine Emperor worth knowing. Known for his building projects and law code.
Theodora- Justinian’s wife. The Empress and his closest advisor. May have been a stripper/prostitute when they met.
Justinian’s Code- the simplification of Roman Law in the Byzantine Empire.
Greek Fire- a weapon that prevented the Byzantines from being conquered by the Islamic Empires for hundreds of years. Fire that burned, even on top of water.
Theme System- Imperial generals, watched closely by the emperor, were placed in charge of provinces. Soldiers recruited from free peasantry. Service in exchange for land.

6. Key Terms and people
Great Schism- The Church in Rome and the Church in Constantinople disagreed about a variety of subjects: the power of the emperor, use of statues/ icons (called the Iconoclasm Controversy), celibacy of priests, …etc. The churches split up. Rome = Catholic; Constantinople = Byzantine.
Hippodrome- Giant sports complex in Constantinople. Hosted chariot racing (Circus Maximus), gladiator fights, theater, and athletic events.
Hagia Sophia- Giant church built by Justinian.
Ottoman Turks- Nomadic Muslims who ended the Byzantine Empire in Re-named Constantinople to Istanbul (as it’s still called), and changed the Hagia Sophia into a mosque (that’s where Muslims worship).

7. Hagia Sophia

8. Key Terms and people Turmoil- Troubles, Problems
Millennium- a period of 1000 years
Predecessor- the person or society that came before the one we are talking about. Ex. Barack Obama is Donald Trump’s predecessor.
Codification- writing down
Reinvigorated- re-energized
Fluctuated- changed
Anatolia- the peninsula that is the modern-day country of Turkey
Bolstered- strengthened
Consolidation of power- becoming more powerful, usually by taking power from others
Innovations- new ideas, changes.

9. Anatolia

10. Key Terms and people Ecclesiastical- religious Secular- not religious
Meddling- interfering
Monasticism- the act of giving up everything for your religion and becoming a monk
Monasteries- where monks live