1. People and government

2. Principles of Government

3. The state State = Country
Nation – a group of people who are united by common race, language, custom, tradition, and sometimes religion

4. Essential features of a state
Population - people
Territory – established boundaries
Sovereignty – supreme and absolute authority within its borders
Government – institution through which the state maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces laws

5. Theories of the origin of the state
Evolutionary Theory
Force Theory
Divine Right Theory
Social Contract Theory

6. Purposes of government
Maintaining Social Order
Providing Public Services
Providing National Security
Making Economic Decisions

7. Types of Government

8. Major Types of government
Autocracy – rule by one
Totalitarian Dictatorship
Absolute Monarchy
Constitutional Monarchy
Oligarchy – rule by a few
Democracy – rule by many
Direct Democracy
Representative Democracy
Libertarianism
Liberalism

9. Characteristics of democracy
Individual Liberty
Majority Rule with Minority Rights
Free Elections
Competing Political Parties

10. The soil of democracy Active Citizen Participation A Favorable Economy
Widespread Education
Strong Civil Society
A Social Consensus
Active Citizen Participation –
A Favorable Economy –
Widespread Education –
Strong Civil Society –
A Social Consensus –

11. The formation of government

12. Government systems Unitary System Federal System Confederal System

13. Constitutions and government
Incomplete Guides
A Statement of Goals
A Framework for Government
The Highest Law
Incomplete Guides –
A Statement of Goals –
A Framework for Government –
The Highest Law –

14. Politics and Government
Seeking Government Benefits
Importance of Politics
Special Interests
Seeking Government Benefits
Importance of Politics
Special Interests

15. Governing in a complex world
Major Inequalities Among States
Growing Interdependence
Nonstate International Groups
Major Inequalities Among States (Country) –
Growing Interdependence –
Non-state International Groups –

16. economics

17. The role of economic systems
What and how much should be produced?
How should goods and services be produced?
Who gets the goods and services that are produced?
Economics seeks to answer these questions.

18. Economic Systems
Tradidtional
Planned
Market
Mixed

19. Traditional
An economic system heavily influenced by habits, customs, and religious beliefs
Characterized by very low unemployment rate
Individual freedom is limited (roles of individuals are static from generation to generation)

20. Planned
Government directly influences and vastly controls business practices due to ownership of natural resources and capital resources
Considered synonymous with a communist economy

21. Market
Privately owned factors of production (i.e., factories and machines)
Prices are influenced by supply and demand
Considered synonymous with a capitalist economy
Individual’s purchasing decisions determines the types of products and services offered
Minimal to no government involvement in business transactions

22. Mixed
Privately owned factors of production (i.e., factories and machines)
Prices are influenced by supply and demand
An economic system that combines elements of all the other basic systems
Considered synonymous with a capitalist economy
Individual’s purchasing decisions determines the types of products and services offered
Mixture of government involvement