1. How can nationalism create conflict?
Causes for WWI
Warm-Up Questions:
What is Nationalism?
How can nationalism create conflict?

2. World War I: Vocabulary
Nationalism: pride in one’s country
Militarism (arms race): a competition between countries to see who can create the most powerful weapons.
System of Alliances: when many alliances are made at the same time.
Imperialism: building an empire by taking over other countries.

3. WWI: Vocabulary, cont.
colonies: a country or a region whose government is controlled by another distant country.
empire: a group of nations, territories or people ruled by a single authority, especially an emperor or empress
trigger: an event that creates an immediate reaction.
cause: an event or events that over time lead to a reaction.
alliance: an agreement between countries to help each other in time of need.

4. Two Kinds of Nationalism
the desire of subject peoples for independence -
Example: led to a series of national struggles for independence among the Balkan peoples. Other powers got involved and caused much instability.
the desire of independent nations for dominance and prestige -
Example: As the powers try to dominate each other in Europe, their rivalries may be regarded as one of the causes of the First World War.

5. Alliances

6. More Alliances
Germany assures Austria of full support in case of war with Serbia.
Austrian ultimatum to Serbia:
Suppress all anti-Austrian propaganda
Dismiss all anti-Austrian officials
Austrian police would aid in ultimatum order with Serbian officials.
Serbia said yes to 1 and 2, but not 3.

7. Even More Alliances Russia will support Serbia in case of attack.
France will support Russia against Germany.
Britain enters when Germany invades Belgium.

8. Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Heir to throne of Austria-Hungary
Wanted to convert from a dual monarchy to a triple monarchy to include Serbia.
Assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, in Sarajevo, June 28, 1914

9. Gavrilo Princip a Serbian Nationalist Member of the Black Hand
No evidence that the assassination was ordered by the government

10. Time Line June 28, 1914: Archduke Ferdinand assassinated
July 23, 1914:Austria issues ultimatum to be answered in 48 hours
July 24, 1914: Russia learns of ultimatum
July 26, 1914: Russia offers support to Serbia

11. Time Line cont.
July 28, 1914: Austria declares Serbian reply unsatisfactory, declares war
July 29, 1914: Austria attacks Belgrade, capital of Serbia
July 30, 1914: Russia mobilizes forces to support Serbia

12. More Time Line August 1, 1914: Germany declares war on Russia
August 3, 1914: Germany declares war on France
August 4, 1914: Germany invades Belgium, Britain declares war on Germany
World War I, “The War to End All Wars”

13. Strategy
-War develops into trench warfare after initial German advance failed to defeat France
-Germany wants to defeat Russia first if faced with two front war
-Allies want to force fighting on two fronts and get help from U.S.

14. US Neutrality U.S. declares neutrality in the war
develops sympathy for the Allied cause
Begins to export war materials
Submarine warfare begins
Wilson wins 1916 election on slogan “He kept us out of war!”
isolationist policy

15. Stalemate War quickly reaches a stalemate -Trench warfare
Over the Top
No Man’s Land
New Type of War
new technology
Submarines
airplanes
New weapons
poison gas
mustard gas

16. “Gassed”
John Singer Sargent

17. US Enters the War -Peace without Victory -idealistic peace plan
-Submarine warfare continues
-Zimmerman Note intercepted
-Wilson calls for War
“War to make world safe for democracy”
-Russian Revolution takes them out of the war

18. Military Operations
Selective Service Act - drafted over 3 million troops
recruits trained for 9 months
transportation problems
gov’t control of industry
use of convoy system

19. Military Operations “Over There” “Dough Boys“ General John Pershing
American Expeditionary Force
-Argonne Forest Campaign
-Alvin York-American Hero
-Armistice Nov. 1918

20. Fighting Over There -most U.S. soldiers were not experienced travelers
-huge cannons, Zeppelins, machine guns, poison gases, tanks, airplanes
-poor medical care
shell shock, trench foot,

21. Public Opinion Committee on Public Information
George Creel
4 Minute Men
“I want You” Campaign
Anti-immigrant sentiment
Espionage and Sedition Act
Schenck v. United States

22. Wilson’s Plan -based on idea of Peace without Victory
-would eliminate reasons for future wars
Democracy
freedom of the sea
reduce armaments
-set certain goals for the world

23. 14 Points Wilson’s speech that organized his idea of the future
described solution to prevent causes of the war
no secret treaties
freedom of seas
lower tariffs
reduce armaments
self determination
-League of Nations

24. Versailles Peace Conference
-Big Four
U.S., Britain, France, Italy
-Central Powers left out of the meetings as was Russia
-Allied leaders wanted to blame and punish Germany
-Most of the 14 Points were ignored
-Wilson did manage to secure the League of Nations

25. Peace Treaty nine new nations created and several borders moved
Germany is demilitarized
reparations must be paid
Germany must acknowledge war guilt
Weaknesses of Treaty will lead to future wars
Germany can’t repay
Russia is ignored
Colonialism remained

26. Opposition Some thought it too harsh others thought it changed nothing
U.S. leaders disliked the League of Nations
Henry Cabot Lodge
threatens our ability to stay out of foreign affairs
Wilson sets out to appeal to the people
Wilson suffers a stroke
U.S. Senate never approves the treaty

27. Wilson’s Legacy -Progressive reformer -Prohibition starts
-women’s suffrage
-Victory in the Great War
-vision of a world organization to prevent war
-prediction of future wars
WW II

28. Social Changes African Americans -Women
Great Migration brought increased opportunities
Civil Rights Debated??
-Women
took the jobs left by many men
19th Amendment was passed

29. Epidemic -World War brought disease to a new level
-large groups of people were exposed
-Influenza (flu) outbreak of 1918 spread all over the world
-1/4 of the U.S. fell victim and ½ million died
-as many as 40 million dead worldwide

30. Propaganda Watch: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U9FxF9YF5PQ
Draw a propaganda poster that would be used in WWI
Include a one-paragraph summary of their poster.
Answer in a second paragraph: “How did nationalism lead to WWI?”
This will be turned in at the end of class.