1. Introduction to the Industrial Revolution
World History

2. Shift from the Agrarian World
Agricultural Revolution – Farming methods invented
Enclosure movement had large land owners buying and then fencing public land

3. Shift from the Agrarian World
Smaller farmers pushed off of land to work as wage laborers for various land owners or to move to the growing cities
More food produced = population increase
In 1700 there were about 100 million people in Europe, by 1800 the population had grown to 190 million.

4. Textile Industry Takes Off
Domestic system (cottage industry) had dominated the early 1700s; merchants dropped off raw materials at people’s homes, picked up finished products later

5. Textile Industry Takes Off
Series of inventions modernize textile manufacturing, including:
Flying Shuttle – Used to weave cloth
The Spinning Jenny

6. Textile Industry Takes Off
1760 – Spinning Jenny – Allowed for multiple threads to be woven together
1769 – Water Frame (Richard Arkwright) – Used water to power the spinning frame
The Spinning Jenny

7. Textile Industry Takes Off
1785 – Water Loom – First machine that could weave cloth
1793 – Cotton Gin (Eli Whitney) – Machine that separated cotton seeds from the cotton
Plans for the Cotton Gin

8. Textile Industry Takes Off
These advancements resulted in the movement of work from the home to the factory
Plans for the Cotton Gin

9. Power loom

10. Britain Industrializes First
Many natural resources available in Britain, including large amounts of coal and iron

11. Britain Industrializes First
Geographical advantages include a large river system for water power and many natural harbors for easy trade
A strong, stable government allowed a strong economy to develop, which resulted in extra money to invest

12. Britain Industrializes First
Colonial empire provided much needed raw materials and markets (mercantilism)
Spreads throughout Europe, United States of America, and Japan between 1850 and 1914

13. Changes Brought by the Industrial Revolution
Invention of the steam engine in 1763 by James Watt shifts labor from humans and animals to machines
Inventions continue to make life, manufacturing, and farming easier and better
Inventions in one area often led to inventions in others
Transportation and communication systems are greatly enhanced

14. Steam Engine

15. Steam Ship

16. Early Steam Locomotive

17. Impact of the Railroad

19. Textile Factory Workers in England
1813
2,400 looms
150,000 workers
1833
85,000 looms
200,000 workers
1850
224,000 looms
>1 million workers

20. Textile factory workers

22. Challenges resulting from Industrial Revolution
The Factory System
Rigid schedule
12-14 hour day
Dangerous conditions
Mind-numbing monotony

23. If you complained, you were fired.
If you got sick, you were fired.
If you got hurt and could no longer work, you were fired.

28. Urban Poor and Charles Dickens

29. Luddites

30. Changes Brought by the Industrial Revolution
Cities begin to dominate the western world
Creates a new social order with the rise of an influential middle class
Poor working conditions for lower classes eventually lead to new social and political movements
Need for markets and resources force Europeans to take over foreign lands (imperialism)

31. Share in world manufacturing output, 1750-1900

32. Use your textbook to find improvements to people’s lives as the Industrial Revolution progressed. List these in your notebook.