1. DNA Replication Review
Five main steps:
Helicase unzips/unwinds the DNA molecule
SSB proteins hold unwound DNA in place
Primase add RNA primers so DNA Polymerase knows where to start
DNA Polymerase adds new nucleotides
Ligase glues the new DNA back together
Why is DNA Replication important?
The important idea is that an exact duplication of the DNA message is required, so that each new cell in the body has the same set of genetic instructions as the cells that preceded it.
This also insures that every new generation of individuals has the same genetic information as his/her parents.

2. DNA carries information used to make proteins which form structures and regulate the body’s activities.
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Protein synthesis involves two processes: transcription and translation.
Transcription: DNA message is converted into an RNA molecule.
Translation: RNA message is used to assemble amino acids into a protein chain.

3. Central Dogma: Location
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4. Central Dogma
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5. First, let’s learn about RNA
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RNA is also a nucleic acid, called ribonucleic acid
Has one strand (DNA has two)
It contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose
It has the nitrogenous base URACIL (U) instead of thymine (T)

6. T-P-S
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7. There are THREE type of RNA
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There are THREE type of RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
formed in nucleus and complementary to one strand of DNA
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Forms ribosomes in the cytoplasm
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Transport amino acids to the ribosome where proteins are made by adding 1 amino acid at a time

8. Messenger, ribosomal, transfer RNA

9. TRANSCRIPTION (first step in protein synthesis)
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TRANSCRIPTION (first step in protein synthesis)
DNA code is transferred to mRNA in the nucleus.
DNA is unzipped in the nucleus and RNA polymerase binds to a specific section where a mRNA will be made

10. Transcription does not happen all the time
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Transcription does not happen all the time
Operon – the “switch” to turn on/off transcription
Promoter – DNA site that promotes RNA polymerase to bind
Repressor – molecule that binds to DNA to block transcription
Inducer – molecule that takes repressor away

11. Recap Translation