1. Culture
People’s way of life

2. Culture
Culture refers to people’s way of life.
Includes how people meet their basic needs for food and shelter
Includes language, literature, music, and art, beliefs about the world and their religion, and even their technology and their material objects.

3. Things people usually do
Customs
Things people usually do
Foods they eat
Clothes they wear
How holidays are celebrated
Turning points are celebrated (birth, coming of age, weddings, etc)

4. Roles
Based on rules for proper behavior of individuals in particular positions and situations
Mother might be expected to behave a certain way toward children

5. Institutions
Organizations developed by each society to make social roles clear and to take care of social needs.
Families
Arrange for reproduction, the care of family members, upbringing of young
Schools
Teach the young the values of society and prepare them for the responsibilities of adulthood
Governments
Governments protect us from outsiders, promote social cooperation, and regulate individual behavior

6. Rural or Urban Culture is also affected by how people live together.
Rural living
Countryside, small villages, simple homes
Generally farmers, herders, or village craftsmen
Do not tend to communicate beyond their local environs
Traditional ways/economies
Urban living
Large cities, advanced technology, roads, bridges, buildings, (infrastructure)
Sewage systems, hot and cold water, electricity, etc.
Read news, watch television, travel widely and generally have more opportunities than rural dwellers

7. Social structure Upper Class Middle Class Working Class Peasants
Earns or inherits wealth and owns large share of property. Luxurious lifestyle and often serve in leadership roles of a society
Middle Class
Intermediate group of people, mostly educated and successful – managers, professionals, shopkeepers
Working Class
Manual workers who work in factories, mining, transportation, construction, or craftspeople.
Peasants
Farm workers or owners of small farms mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture – little education and limited experiences in the world outside their village
Lower Class
Often uneducated and unskilled. Take least desirable and worst paying jobs. Often face prejudice and social handicaps from members of higher societies.

8. Multicultural societies
Homogeneous societies
Almost everyone belongs to a same ethnic group and shares same language and traditions
Heterogeneous (multicultural)
Mix of peoples and cultures. Ethnic groups are missed throughout the country
Minority
An ethnic or religious group other than the dominant group – culture of majority often decides how minorities treated (laws to safeguard them, or not, or even persecuted)

9. Religion
A set of beliefs about the meaning of life, the nature of the universe, and the existence of the supernatural (including God or a Supreme Being).
A set of customs and practices that relate to the worship of God (or several gods) and a set of rules for the conduct of a good life
An organization, such as a church or other place of worship, which overseas the conduct of religious practices
Most religions designate some special places as sacred or holy