1. Tuesday: Social Studies
Have Vocabulary ready to be checked
Work on Warm Up: (pg 440)
What were the reasons for the economic boom of the 1920s?
What were the reasons Congress passed a law to limit immigration in 1921?
Describe a suffragette
What factors eventfully led to the end of the economic boom during the 1920s

2. THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM
“Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.”
- T. Roosevelt

3. IMPERIALISM - definitions
1. Imperialism = the quest to build up a
territorial empire.
2. Imperialism = control by powerful nation(s) over a less advanced or less civilized area.

4. POWERFUL NATION USUALLY CHARACTERIZED BY Advanced Economy (Industrial)
Strong Government
Considerable
Military Strength

5. The “Less Advanced” Area
CHARACTERIZED BY
Primitive economy (pre-industrial)
Underdeveloped natural resources
Weak government
Limited military power
*Imperialism has also been called Colonialism

6. BACKGROUND - Imperialism
US. Imperialism – response to European Imperialism
1. Fundamental Cause: Industrial Revolution
Industrialized nations desired colonies to provide:
a) cheap supply of raw materials
b) a market for the mother country’s goods
c) large profits w/ minimum risk on investment of
SURPLUS CAPITAL

7. The British Empire

8. EXAMPLE of other Nations (Imperialist)
British Empire controlled over ¼ of World’s territory and population

9. “The Sun never sets on the Union Jack”

10. REASONS for U.S. turn to IMPERIALISM
1) Industrial Revolution
2) Closing of the FRONTIER – leads investors to look elsewhere for economic opportunity

11. American NATIONALISM

13. SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR (1898)
Causes of the War:
Tyrannical Spanish rule over Cuba
Spain denied civil liberties & political rights
Levied heavy taxes – restricted foreign trade
Ruthlessly suppressed rebellions
Spain finally abolished slavery in 1886
Economic depression brings another
revolt for INDEPENDENCE

14. American Humanitarianism & sympathy
Sympathized with desire for independence
Outraged when over 200,000 Cubans died in
concentration camps of hunger and disease

15. ECONOMIC INTERESTS American merchants traded with Cuba to the
amount of $100 Million a year
American investors placed $50 million in
sugar and tobacco plantations.

16. “Yellow Journalism”
The goal of yellow journalism is to sell the most copies of newspaper with exciting stories

18. Sinking of the Maine – Feb 1898
American battleship visiting Cuba blown up
260 Americans killed
Cause: probably fire in a coal bin
But, American public goaded on by the
Yellow Press – blames SPAIN

19. Sensationalism – Yellow Journalism

22. CONDUCT OF THE WAR Battle Cry = “Remember the Maine,
to HELL with Spain!”

23. Outbreak of the War
April 25, 1898: President McKinley asks Congress to declare war on Spain
Congress recognizes Cuba’s INDPENDENCE from Spain
US strikes first in Spanish territory in the Pacific, The Philippines.

24. Teller Amendment [1898] Made PRIOR to Sp-Am War
U.S. could NOT ANNEX Cuba
US must “leave control of island to its People”

25. George Dewey
Victorious Admiral at
Battle of Manila Bay
[Philippines]

29. Rough Riders – San Juan Hill

31. Buffalo Soldiers

32. Theodore Roosevelt Leads a group of volunteer soldiers
Consists of cowboys, lumberjacks, Native Americans
Takes fort San Juan, Cuba

33. Treaty of Paris Dec 1898
Ended 16 - week war

34. Terms - Treaty of Paris - 1898
Spain agreed
1) CUBA independent
2) Puerto Rico and Guam “given” to USA
3) Philippines sold to USA for $20 Million

35. Platt Amendment - post-war
Followed Sp – Am War
Cuba must accept for US to withdraw
Cuba could not allow foreign powers to control it
USA could lease land for naval base – Guantanamo Bay

36. Protectorate Cuba becomes a Protectorate of USA
Protectorate = a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger nation

37. Annexation Debate - Philippines
ANTI-Annexation
Violated the
Declaration of Independence
Denied Self-Government to the new territories
Introduced more racial problems
PRO-Annexation
Educate Filipinos
Uplift Filipinos
Civilize Filipinos
William Howard Taft,
Governor of Philippines

38. PANAMA Originally part of Columbia Broke away with help of USA’s navy
Gave USA permission to build canal

39. Panama
America interest in a shorter trade route between Atlantic & Pacific Oceans
1903 America bought a 10 mile wide strip
$10 million
1999 America purchased the Canal Zone and transfers control to Panama

40. Isthmus The Isthmus of Panama
Isthmus – narrow strip of land connecting two land masses
The Isthmus of Panama

41. Nicaragua Original site planned for canal to be built
French attempting to build a canal in Panama
Eventually went bankrupt

42. The PANAMA CANAL - 1914 Reduced NY – San Francisco trip over 50%
From 13,000 miles to 5,200 miles

43. CAPE HORN

44. Panama Canal 51 miles long Avg. width 492 ft. 6 locks
27,500 workers died
Most from disease
10 mile canal zone

45. Cross-section: Panama Canal

46. Built during the TR years