1. The Geography of Greece
Ch 4
Sec 1

2. World history timeline

3. Archaic
Greece:
1650 BCE BCE

4. Bronze Age Greece

5. Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos)

6. Knossos: Minoan Civilization
Frescoes
-Dophins reflect importance of the sea
-worshipped the bull

7. Minoan Civilization
vanished: earthquake or tidal wave? May have been invaders-Mycenaeans

8. The Mycenaean Civilization
Dominated Greek world BC
Sea traders who lived in city-states

9. The Trojan War
1250BC
Rivalry between Mycenae and Troy to control straits
Legend of Paris and Helen
Wooden horse
Troy burned

10. Myths behind the Trojan War

11. Homer: The “Heroic Age”
Blind poet-sang of heroic deeds
Iliad-tells of Trojan War
Odyssey-tells of struggles Odysseus has on way home after fall of Troy
Reveal values of ancient Greeks

12. "Hellenic" (Classical) Greece: 700 BCE - 324 BCE
Ch 4 Sec 2-Rise of Greek City-States
"Hellenic"
(Classical)
Greece:
700 BCE BCE

13. Geography of Greece Balkan Peninsula Mediterranean Sea
Thousands of islands
Skilled sailors
Traded olive oil, wine, marble for grains and metals
Adopted Phoenician alphabet
Empire spread from Spain to Egypt
Polis:

14. Forms of Government in Greece
Monarchy-hereditary ruler
shifted to noble landowners-Aristocracy (hereditary landowning elite
Oligarchy-govt power lies with small, wealthy elite

15. Phalanx
Formation of heavily armed foot soldiers-reduced class tensions b/c each city-state is defended by ordinary citizens
Led to rise of 2 influential city-states: Athens and Sparta

16. SPARTA Helot uprising led to strict govt
Looked down on trade and wealth
Citizens not allowed to travel
Very militaristic

17. Life of Discipline for boys
Sick newborns abandoned to die
At 7-moved into barracks to learn rigid discipline-encouraged to steal food (to be cunning)
At 20-married, but lived in barracks
At 30-could serve in assembly
girls - exercised to be healthy, could inherit property, ran family estate while men away at war

18. ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

19. The Acropolis Today Polis=city-state
Acropolis had temple to local gods & goddesses
Athens’ goddess is Athena

20. The Parthenon
Temple to Athena-Athens

21. The Agora
At base of acropolis-a marketplace where young boys could listen to elders to gain free education

22. Athens SMALL ARMY- Government monarchy-aristocracy-democracy
LIFE IS CENTERED AROUND EDUCATION
-private tutors OR
-Agora
-all studied:

23. Athens Landowners chose govt officials, served in assembly
Ordinary people discontented
Moved toward Democracy-govt by the people

24. Athenian Democracy Govt is direct democracy Council of 500
Jury of 100s or 1000sof men over 30
Ostracism of public officials
See page 127, answer questions

25. Women in Athens No political life Religious roles Managed households
Secluded lifestyle
Little to no education
(boys were educated to read, write, public speaking, encouraged education over military)

26. Solon Outlawed debt slavery Granted citizenship to some foreigners
Gave assembly more say
Encouraged export of wine & olive oil (increased demand!)

27. Unrest leads to tyrants-gain power by force: Pisistratus and Cleisthenes
Loans to farmers, made assembly a legislature
weakened the that decided on laws (all males
Aristocracy were members of assembly)

28. Mount Olympus Polytheistic Gods lived on Mount Olympus
Zeus, Ares, Aphrodite, Athena honored with temples & festivals, athletic competitions***

29. The Ancient Olympics: Athletes & Trainers

30. 4-3 Conflict in the Greek World
Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

31. Persian Wars: Greek city-states unite against Persia:
Ionian city-states rebel against Persian rule-leads to:
Marathon (490 BCE)
Darius invades Athens for helping with the rebellion
26 miles from Athens
Themistocles prepares a fleet for defense
Thermopylae (480 BCE)
Xerxes sends forces to avenge Marathon
300 Spartans at the Mountain pass are defeated
Xerxes burns Athens (but Athenians have a trick)
Salamis (480 BCE)
Lured Xerxes’ fleet into strait of Salamis and Athenian ships with underwater battering rams sink Persian fleet

32. Battle of Thermopylae 3 parts to watch-22 min total

33. Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE – 429 BCE
Rebuilt acropolis
Arts flourished-plays, festivals
People put to work on building projects
Direct democracy

34. Peloponnesian Wars Greeks resent Athenian domination of city-states
431BC-Athens vs. Sparta (27 yrs)
Sparta attacks, Athenian plague
Persia helps Sparta
Athens is defeated
Discuss page 129

35. Great Athenian Philosophers
4-4
Logic-
Sophist-
Rhetoric-
(World History Makers website)

36. Great Athenian Philosophers
Socrates
Socratic method
question everything
Know thyself!
only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness.

37. Great Athenian Philosophers
Plato
Socrates’ student-distrusted democracy after Socrates’ death
The Republic
Academy

38. Great Athenian Philosophers
Aristotle
Suspicious of democracy=mob rule
“Golden Mean” [everything in moderation]
The Lyceum
Logic, ethics, politics, biology

39. The Academy 386 BC-Plato founds the Academy in Athens, a place of intellectual learning, which produced some of the most renowned mathematicians and intellectuals, the most notable of which was Aristotle. The Academy was in use until 529 AD, when Pope Justinian I closed it, judging it as a threat to Christianity.
Aristotle
Plato

40. The Classical Greek “Ideal”
Idealistic style-emphasizes humans in most perfect, graceful form

41. Athens: The Arts
DRAMA –plays honored Dionysus, god of fertility & wine.
Tragedies: stirs up then relieves emotions of pity and fear
Aeschylus
Sophocles
Euripides
Comedies: mocked people or customs to criticize society
Aristophanes

42. Athens: The Sciences THE SCIENCES: Pythagoras
Hippocrates  “Father of Medicine”

43. Olympia: Temple to Hera

44. The 2004 Olympics

45. Macedonia Under Philip II

46. "Hellenistic"
Greece:
323 BCE BCE

47. 4-5—NEED TO FINISH!!!
Alexander the Great

48. Alexander the Great’s Empire

49. Alexander the Great in Persia

50. The Hellenization of Asia

51. Pergamum: A Hellenistic City

52. The Economy of the Hellenistic World

53. Hellenistic Philosophers
Cynics  Diogenes
ignore social conventions & avoid luxuries.
citizens of the world.
live a humble, simple life.
Epicurians  Epicurus
avoid pain & seek pleasure.
all excess leads to pain!
politics should be avoided.

54. Hellenistic Philosophers
Stoics  Zeno
nature is the expansion of divine will.
concept of natural law.
get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but to perform virtuous acts for the good of all.
true happiness is found in great achievements.

55. Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences
Scientists / Mathematicians:
Aristarchus  heliocentric theory.
Euclid  geometry
Archimedes  pulley
Hellenistic Art:
More realistic; less ideal than Hellenic art.
Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!

56. The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire