1. COGNITIVE MAPPING

2. COGNITIVE MAPPING Begin with center (title), branching out:
Knowledge: list of themes
Comprehension: Breakdown of one theme
Application: List Examples from text
Analysis: Explain one example
Synthesis: Explain a deeper connection to other themes
Evaluation: How/Why is this specific theme important? Cognitive mapping asks students to increase complexity of their thinking. 2

3. COGNITIVE STRANDS Knowledge: List of themes/arguments
Comprehension: Breakdown of one theme/argument
Application: List examples from text
Analysis: Explain one example
Synthesis: Explain deeper connection to other themes
Evaluation: How/Why is this specific theme important?

4. “Politics of English Language”
Lack of precision and understand lead to
Vague messages which can become “ugly
And inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish,
But the slovenliness of our language makes
It easier for us to have foolish thoughts” (529)
Words and speeches made in the
Political arena are often abused in
This manner. They lack precision,
Often confusing the audience,
Leaving them up to their own
Speculations to understand the
Meaning.
Staleness of imagery
Lack of precision
Lack of precision:
Meaningless words
“Politics of
English Language”
The word “fascism” has now no
Meaning except in so far as it
Signifies “something not desirable”
The words “democracy, socialism,
Freedom, patriotic, realistic, justice,”
Have each of them several different
Meanings which cannot be reconciled
With one another.” (533)
~Long passages that are completely
~Lacking in meaning
~Do not point to one discoverable object
~Political words losing meaning
~Ecclesiastes example