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Introduction to Spanish-American War
America: an emerging world power “A Splendid Little War” John Hay, Secretary of State, 1898
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The Roots of Imperialism
In the late 1800s America began to acquire influence and territories outside its borders. Imperialism-when one country has control over another weaker country. (military, economic, & political control) Isolationism-to stay isolated in one’s own country. (We won’t get involved in foreign affairs.)
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Cuba was controlled by Spain. The U.S. had always hoped to gain Cuba.
Tension over Cuba!! Cuba was controlled by Spain. The U.S. had always hoped to gain Cuba.
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Background: Who? Where? Spain vs. America
Phillipines, Cuba (Spain’s Colonies)
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Background: USA Cuba The Philippines
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Why? Reasons for Spanish-American War:
Reason #1: Help give freedom to Spain’s colonies! American support of Cuban rebels to gain independence from Spain.
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Free Cuba= “Cuba Libre!”
1868-the Cuban people rebelled against Spanish Rule.
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Reason #2: American Economic Interests
What? Many of Cuba’s sugar plantations were owned by Americans Why? Protecting their economic/business interests in Cuba - sugar How did it lead to war? Made Americans more likely to help out Cuba
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Why did Americans care? Americans become very concerned with the situation in Cuba. Many Americans had vital economic links to Cuba worth about 100 million a year. Businessmen feel foreign trade may be hurt.
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Reason #3: “Yellow Journalists”
What? Newspaper created highly exaggerated stories Why? Make more $ if they keep you scared and interested How did it lead to war? Made Americans want war!
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Frederic Remington’s Disrobing Propaganda
“Yellow Journalism” “You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war William Randolph Hearst Frederic Remington’s Disrobing Propaganda
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Slide Analysis: Judge Cartoon
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Reason #4: Sinking of the Maine in Havana Harbor
What? USS Maine explodes in Havana, Cuba Harbor, Most Americans believe it was Spain’s fault 1976 US Navy analyzed the sunken ship, decided that the hull blew OUT not IN How did it lead to war? “Spark” that started the war “Remember the Maine! To hell with Spain!”
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Slide Analysis: Headline of the Maine Explosion
Maine Explosion Caused by Bomb or Torpedo? 2/17/1898 New York World
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“Remember the Maine!” 1898-fighting broke out in Havana-the Cuban capital. President McKinley sent the battleship Maine to Havana to protect American citizens and property there. February 15- a huge explosion ripped through the ship. At least 260 men were killed.
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Thinking Slide: Which of these 4 reasons do you think was most responsible for the nation going to war?
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Rough Riders Who were the Rough Riders? Who was their leader?
Teddy Roosevelt resigns as Asst Secy of the Navy to lead a “Cowboy Cavalry” Brought his own photographer Teddy’s popularity from this leads to his becoming v.p. and president
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Rough Riders What famous Battle did they participate in? San Juan Hill
African Americans also helped but get little credit
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Teddy Roosevelt
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“A Splendid Little War”
The Spanish American War only lasted 4 months. Battle Fronts- The Philippine Islands & The Caribbean
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Off to Cuba! Once in Cuba the Rough Riders and Buffalo Soldiers joined regular troops and went to battle. The Battle of San Juan Hill is the most famous battle in the war. The Rough Riders and troops led a famous charge that helped the U.S. defeat the Spanish.
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A Quick End Two days after the Battle of San Juan Hill Spain was defeated. August 12, 1898—Spain and the United States agreed to end fighting. In Paris, December 1898, a peace treaty was signed.
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Treaty Of Paris After the treaty was signed, Spain gave the United States two islands: Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Guam in the Pacific The U.S. offered Spain $20 million to hand over Philippines-Spain’s accepts the offer.
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Country Divided Even before the treaty was approved, a great debate occurred. Some Americans felt that we were going against the principles of democracy by turning the US into a colonial power. Expansionists favored the treaty.
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Ruling An Empire Americans had to decide how they wanted to rule over these new territories. At the beginning of the Spanish-American war, the US promised to allow Cuba to rule themselves at the end of the war. This promise was not kept.
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Results… Though the Spanish American War was a very short war it influenced the role that the United States would play in foreign affairs for the next few decades. The United States became an Imperialist power with new territories and military outposts in the Pacific and Caribbean.
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Results 1. US defeats Spain & becomes a world power
2. Cuba gained its independence from Spain 3. The U.S. gained possession of the Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico Extra Results: Teddy Roosevelt elected Vice President in 1900 and becomes President in 1901 when McKinley is shot US must decide what to do about Spain’s former colonies (Phillipines, Puerto Rico, and Cuba)
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List 4 reasons for the Spanish-American War.
Exit Quiz Slide— List 4 reasons for the Spanish-American War. What were the results of the Spanish-American War? How did the Spanish-American War influence the role that the US would play in foreign affairs?
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Review Games 1. Spanish American War Matching 2
Review Games Spanish American War Matching Spanish American War cloze
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