1. Ecology

2. What is Ecology?
Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms and their environments.

3. Ecology Terms Biotic-Living factors that shape ecosystems.
Abiotic-Non-living factors that shape ecosystems.
-Temperature range
-Light intensity
-pH range
-level of pollutants
Biotic-Living factors that shape ecosystems.
-Other organisms
-Plants

4. Levels of Organization
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere

5. Levels of Organization
Organism - individual living thing, such as an alligator.
Organism

6. Levels of Organization
Populations – groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.
Population
Organism

7. Levels of Organization
Communities – assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area.
Community
Population
Organism

8. Levels of Organization
Ecosystems – collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment.
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism

9. Levels of Organization
Biome
Biomes – group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities.
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism

10. Levels of Organization
Biosphere
Biome
Biosphere – contains all the portions of the planet in which life exists, including the land, air, water, and atmosphere.
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism

11. Energy in Ecology

12. Producers Also called *Autotrophs * Food from self Photosynthesis
Chemosynthesis

13. Consumers Also called *Heterotrophs* a. Herbivores -Eat plants
Food from others
a. Herbivores
-Eat plants
b. Carnivores
-Eat animals
c. Omnivores
-Eat both
d. Detritivores
-Eat dead matter
e. Decomposers
-Break down organic matter

14. Food Chains
Shows how matter and energy move through a series of organisms
Arrow points toward the belly of the consumer.

15. Food Webs Shows how matter and energy move through an ecosystem
Made up of a bunch of food chains

16. Trophic Levels Each step in a food chain is called a trophic level
Each consumer depends on the trophic level below it for energy

17. Ecological Pyramids
An ecological pyramid is a diagram that shows the amount of energy or matter contained with each trophic level of a food chain or food web
Pyramid of
Numbers
Biomass Pyramid
Energy Pyramid
Biomass-total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level

18. Energy Pyramid
Shows the relative amount of energy available at each trophic level.
Only part of the energy that is stored in one trophic level is passed on to the next level.

19. Biomass Pyramid
Represents the amount of living organic matter at each trophic level.

20. Pyramid of Numbers
Shows the relative number of individual organisms at each trophic level.

21. Water Cycle

22. Carbon Cycle

23. Nitrogen Cycle

24. Phosphorus Cycle