1. Unit C Week 3

2. Monitoring Water Quality

3. I Can…
Interpret data concerning concentration of oxygen, phosphates, nitrates, concentration of organic waste and biological oxygen demand (BOD) and determine water quality.
Interpret data concerning biological indicator species (both vertebrates and invertebrates) and determine water quality

4. Water Quality
Water quality is determined by what it will be used for by provincial and federal governments into 5 categories of water use
1) Human Drinking
2) Recreation such as swimming
3) Livestock drinking water
4) Irrigation
5) Protection of aquatic life
What do you think is the most important? Why?

5. Biological Indicators
What do you think these are?
Can include fish, plants, worms, insects, plankton, bacteria and viruses

6. Microbiological Indicators
They are small samples of water are taken to check for microscopic bacteria that can be unhealthy to humans
Are small living things that represent water quality, good or bad.
Example: e. coli

7. Aquatic Invertebrates
An invertebrate indicator is an invertebrate animal that is used to indicate good or bad water quality.
The presence or lack of aquatic invertebrates can show how much pollution there is in areas or how healthy the water is
Example:
The presence of leeches shows a low oxygen content (less healthy)
The presence of mayfly lymph shows a high oxygen content in water (healthier)

8. Types of Aquatic Invertebrates
Leech
Caddisfly

9. Types of Aquatic Invertebrates
Water Strider
Freshwater Shrimp

10. Types of Aquatic Invertebrates
Water Strider
Freshwater Shrimp

11. Types of Aquatic Invertebrates
Midge Larvae
Beetles

12. Types of Aquatic Invertebrates
Mayfly Larvae
Stonefly

13. Types of Aquatic Invertebrates
Damslefly

16. Invertebrates
Complete the table using page 231

17. Diversity
Usually the more diversity there is in an aquatic system the more healthy it is
It is not safe to drink water unless it is tested

18. Chemical Factors Water is usually tested in these ways
1) For dissolved oxygen
2) Acidity
3) Heavy metals
4) Plant nutrients ex. Nitrogen and phosphorus
5) Pesticides
6) Salts ex. Ionic compounds like sodium chloride
7) Temperature
8) Turbidity

19. Dissolved Oxygen
What are the factors that dissolved oxygen in water depend on?
Why is dissolved oxygen in water important?

20. Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Water
How does nitrogen and phosphorus enter our water system?

21. THINK ABOUT IT
Which location will support the greatest diversity of organisms? Explain your answer
Characteristic
Sample A
Sample B
Dissolved O2
3.5
6.0 pH
5.5
6.5
phosphorus
high
low

22. Point and Non Point Sources
Come up with a definition for these two words!
Would the pollutant used in this example be considered a point or non-point pollutant?

23. Hazardous Chemicals Affect Living Things
What was DDT used for, and how was it used?

24. Biomagnification
Biomagnification is the increase in concentration of a chemical or element as it moves up the food chain
In biomagnification a pollutant enters the environment such as an aquatic ecosystem

26. Bioaccumulation
Bioaccumulation happens when toxins are stored in the tissues of the animal at the top of the food chain.
Think of the Osprey – the osprey had the highest amount of DDT, it bioaccumulates in the osprey

28. Pollution Reading
Complete the questions from the pollution reading handout

29. Phytoremediation 
Phytoremediation is the direct use of green plants and their associated microorganisms to stabilize or reduce contamination in soils, sludges, sediments, surface water, or ground water. Plants have been used to clean up metals, hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, radioactive materials, explosives, and landfill leachates.
Example: cottonwoods remove ibuprophens and estrogens from water near waste treatment plants
sunflowers were planted around the Chernobyl region to remove some of the radioactive isotopes released by a nuclear plant meltdown.  
But what do they do with the plants afterwards?

30. Photodissociation, photolysis, or photodecomposition
is a chemical reaction in which a chemical compound is broken down by photons (suns energy). It is defined as the interaction of one or more photons with one target molecule.
Example: ozone in the presence of UV radiation breaks down to oxygen gas and nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle

31. Biodegradation 
Biodegradation is the chemical dissolution of materials by bacteria, fungi or other biological means.

32. Biodegradation Think about it!
Look at page 242 in your textbook – which substances should we be concerned about throwing away in the garbage?

33. Crude Oil Case Studies Look at the BP Case Study in your number groups
Timeline
Parody
1. For the states affected by the oil spills, what would be some ideas on how to invigorate their tourism numbers? What types of strategies could be employed?
2. Has BP done enough to help the Gulf Coast? Why or why not?
What are the effects of both case studies?

35. Unit Project
Hand-Out for more information.