1. The Origin of Islam Life of Muhammad Born in Mecca Visions
Quraysh tribe
Traveled extensively
Visions
During the month of Ramadan
Later written as the Qur’an
Allah is the God

2. The Origin of Islam Life of Muhammad Flight to Medina Return to Mecca
Battle of Badr
Islam established
Became leader until his death in 632

3. The Origin of Islam Life of Muhammad Early Successors and Divisions
Abu Bakr became caliph
Wars of Apostasy
Uthmann
Ali
Shiites
Sunnis

4. The Origin of Islam Teachings of Islam
The Qur’an: Text of Muhammad’s revelations
The Holy Books
The Five Pillars
Islamic Sharia Law
Jihad

5. The Origin of Islam The Five Pillars Recitation of the creed
Daily practice of prayer
Giving of alms
Fasting during month of Ramadan
Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca during lifetime

6. The Origin of Islam Evaluation of Islamic Teachings The Trinity
Jesus Christ
Salvation
The Bible

7. The Spread of Islam Conquest of the Arabian Peninsula
Little resistance
Expansion of Islamic Forces
Conquest of Sassanid, Byzantine Lands
Into Southwest Asia
Into the Mediterranean Region
Umayyad caliphate moved capital to Damascus

8. The Spread of Islam Islamic Conversions
Early: Non-Muslims could worship freely, pay a tax
Later: Pressure grew to convert
One-way process
Those who rejected Islam faced abandonment and death

9. The Culture of Islam New Leadership: Abbassid Caliphate Math AD 750
Moved capital to Baghdad
A golden age
Math
Algebra
Arabic numbers

10. The Culture of Islam Science Literature Philosophy Scientific Method
Medicine
Astronomy
Chemistry
Literature
Philosophy

11. The Culture of Islam Technology Papermaking and Gunpowder Farming
From the Chinese
Farming
Engineering
Industry

12. The Confrontation With Islam
Byzantine
It took several centuries before Muslims conquered Constantinople
Contributions
Preserved Greek knowledge
Impacts on Russian religion, literature

13. The Confrontation With Islam
European
Charles Martel
Defeated Muslim forces in 732
Battle of Tours